October 1813 Stories


First Edition Published January 30, 2016
Second Edition Published January 30, 2017
Third Edition Published July 13, 2019
Copyright by Fred Blair

Additions and changes to this edition are in blue text.

October 1, 1813

On the Niagara Frontier

            Captain William H. Merritt wrote that about this time that his brother-in-law, Mr. Gordon, being confident that the army would retire to Burlington Heights, took family members from the Twelve Mile Creek to Burlington.  Mr. Gordon, his two children, and William’s youngest sister were all ill at the time.  They encountered a heavy gale off the Forty Mile Creek and nearly drowned on making shore.  They were all very wet, as was their baggage.  When William arrived, he found his sister gravely ill at A. Nelles’ house.  His mother arrived and took care of the girl until she was recovered.[1]
            A. Nelles was Captain Abraham Nelles of the 4th Lincoln Militia who had a grist mill on the Forty Mile Creek.[2]

            It was unusual to find a war loss claim made after the war by an Indigenous ally.  A team of oxen was impressed from the Mohawk War Chief, Henry A. Hill, by the British for twenty-six days.  The oxen were used to transport provisions from Burlington Heights to Amherstburg for the use of General Proctor’s army.  Richard Cockrell was in charge of this wagon train.  Stephen Douglas reported that he drove Henry’s oxen from Burford in Wentworth County to Dalson on the River Thames.  In 1819, Henry made a war loss claim for the use of his oxen.[3]

            James Tinlin Sr. recorded that shortly after the Battle of Stoney Creek, General Dearborn had ordered families to be evacuated from their homes in the suburbs of the Town of Niagara so that they could not pass on information about the Americans to the British scouts.  James’ family was evacuated during his absence and his house and gardens were destroyed by the Americans about October 1st.[4]
            James was probably James Tinlin (1766-1840) of New York State who married Anna Brander (1771-1841).[5]
            Ann Gesso, a resident of the town, had carried information about the American Indigenous allies in June.

            Major General Vincent reported that he intended to dismiss Eneas Shaw as Adjutant General of the Militia because he had very few militia men reporting for duty.[6]
            However, Vincent was still issuing Shaw orders on October 11th.

October 2, 1813

            Thomas G. Ridout wrote that the American’s had taken the property of a number of Upper Canadians who had remained loyal to the British.  The Dutch Mennonites had been aiding the Americans, but the British had recently taken a number of their wagons.  He was concerned that the Americans had loaded about sixty bateaux with men to accompany their fleet and could be planning to outflank the British.  The British had stripped the cattle from the area around Chippawa and Short Hill and were in the process of driving them away from the camps.  The impressed wagons were loaded with baggage and Thomas expected to be ordered to march that day.[7]

            Major General Vincent reported, from Burlington Heights, that there were rumours of an American advance and the British wagons had been left at St. David’s because the roads near Four Mile Creek were exceedingly bad.  Militia men with teams could not be tempted to remain with the British army.[8]

October 3, 1813

On the Thames River

            Edward Hazel, an officer in the Indian Department, wrote that he was present at John and James McGregor’s Chatham Mills on the Thames River, with other officers and Tecumseth and his men.  The Americans were about a quarter mile away when the decision was made by Tecumseth to set fire to the mills so that the wheat stored inside could not fall into the enemy’s hands.
            After the war, John presented his claim for over 3100 Halifax pounds.  As well as the three-storey mill he a large set of scales and weights, two double stoves, a saw mill, 550 bushels of corn, 150 bushels of wheat, and other items.  Prices were 

A 400-pound fat cow at 10 pounds
Corn at 5 shillings per bushel
Wheat at 7.5 shillings per bushel.[9]

            Ezekiel Willcox, of the Thames River, lost 103 bushels of wheat that he had stored in the mill and a grey mare to British Indigenous warriors.  He valued the wheat at about 7.3 shillings per bushel.[10]

            About this time, James Blan and his family abandoned their farm in Essex County to join the exodus to Burlington Heights with General Proctor’s forces.  He left his property in the care of an elderly Coloured man who was unable to travel.  When the Americans arrived, they accused the elderly man of harbouring British spies.  They placed a rope around his neck and “hung him up.”  Mrs. Girty cut the rope and saved the man’s life.  James Girty was also present during the event.
            The Americans plundered James’ buildings and set fire to his log house and milk house before leaving.[11]

October 5, 1813
The Battle of Moraviantown on the Thames

            While looking for his family’s cows, David Sherman and his companion Ward came across Tecumseth and about 300 of his warriors in a black ash swamp.  Tecumseth told the boys to gather the cows quickly as they were expecting the American’s to attack at any time.  He was wearing a scarf around his head with a large white ostrich plume.[12]

            General Proctor had ordered the British to flee west from the Detroit area before a superior American Army.  The Americans caught up to the British at Moraviantown and engaged them there.

            John Richardson, a volunteer with the 41st Regiment, was with a group of regulars who had become lost in the woods while fleeing the Americans.  When they emerged onto the roadway they found themselves between two American groups and were captured.[13]
            He gave his parole not to escape and was escorted back to Michigan with other prisoners.  They passed through Fort Stephenson where John had escaped capture the month before.  From there they proceeded to the Town of Chillicothe on “miserable” pack horses.  At this point they were escorted by a single American officer.  John complained that he was “wet to the skin” for most of this journey as rain was frequent.  Most nights were spent around camp fires in the wilderness.  They received a change of horses at Fort Wayne but they were no improvement.  At Chillicothe there was no bridge and the horses had to swim across the river.  In the town, John was given comfortable accommodation with regular meals and the opportunity to borrow a horse for riding.  The Moravian prisoners had only a short stay in the town, as orders were received to transfer the soldiers to Frankfort, Kentucky.  John thought that he was fortunate to be allowed to stay in the town with the British naval prisoners.
            About this time, the Americans became aware of the fate of 23 men taken prisoner at the Battle of Queenston Heights on October 13, 1812.  It was determined that these men had all been British deserters serving with the Americans.  This made them guilty of treason.  They were sent to England for trial and were found guilty, but their execution was deferred.  The Americans decided to confine 23 British prisoners as hostages for the condemned Americans.  John Richardson was one of these prisoners and he found himself confined with the others.
            The British responded by confining 46 American prisoners and the Americans retaliated by confining an additional 46 British prisoners.  The British additional prisoners were to be taken to Frankfort as well.
            Twenty-three British prisoners were confined in small rooms in the Chillicothe gaol, about ten to a room.  After some time, the Americans decided to build a fortified camp outside of the town to house the prisoners.  The prisoners planned an escape with the help of two of the town’s people but these men revealed the plan to the governor of Kentucky.  All of the prisoners were then hand-cuffed with the exception of John Richardson.  John served the others, performing duties that the encumbered could not perform for themselves.  John wrote a letter requesting that the prisoners be unfettered while washing and changing into clean clothes but received no response from their keepers.
            The prisoners eventually managed to remove the nails from their cuffs with an old knife and replaced them with lead that a midshipman had in his haversack.  When they were unobserved, they could now stealthily remove their cuffs themselves and have some relief from that confinement and from the pain of the sores on their wrists.
            After ten days of confinement in the cuffs, the prisoners were escorted out of prison through the streets of the town to a boat on the river.  During their journey on the water the boat struck a tree trunk floating in the water that put the prisoners at risk of drowning.  When they arrived at a deserted building where they were to spend the night, the American officer in charge indicated that he would remove their cuffs if they pledged not to escape.  They continued their boat journey until they were met by a party on shore with horses for their ride to the prison in Frankfort, Kentucky.  Upon their arrival in the already crowded prison, they were met by the other prisoners captured at Moraviantown.
            The policy of using prisoners as hostages gradually fell out of favour and the British officers were moved to the principal hotel in Frankfort but were not allowed to leave that property.  A pair of prisoners shared one room and the food was excellent.  Slaves waited upon them and cleaned their clothing and bedding.
            Eventually, they were put back on parole and officers who had the finances to purchase horses and supplies were allowed to make their own way back to Upper Canada.  The remainder had to wait until an exchange was arranged.  Some were welcomed into American homes in the community and they were allowed, with permission, to travel up to 20 miles outside the town.[14]
            John Richardson would have to wait until August, 1814 before his journey home began.

In September, General Proctor impressed wagons, horses, and men from the Mennonite community in Waterloo Township.  Cornelius Pannebecker put his wagon in his blacksmith shop and removed the wheels so that it could not be taken.  However, the British impressed his horses to pull a neighbour’s wagon.  Family histories recorded that the men were fed on beans provided by the Commissariat.  The British had encamped near Moraviantown and were preparing to eat when it was discovered that the American army was almost upon them.  The teamsters were told to run for their lives.  They gathered up as many horses as possible and fled without their wagons and supplies.[15]



After the war, Cornelius Pannebecker made a war loss claim for a harness and five three-bushel bags lost at the battle.[16] 

The seventeen claim records made by men from Waterloo Township included the loss of thirteen wagons, four horses, a yoke of oxen, harnesses and other horse gear, clothing, and blankets.

Other wagons and teams were impressed during the retreat.  James Westbrook of Westminster Township was driving a pair of oxen and a wagon load of supplies to Sandwich when he encountered part of Proctor’s army.  The oxen had been impressed from Gilbert Harris and Hugh McKay of Oxford Township.  James lost the oxen and two wagons to the Americans at Moraviantown.[17]

Edward Page, a Coloured man from Malden Township, later claimed for the loss of four horses at the battle.[18]

John White was in charge of the British stores during the retreat and was severely wounded by the Americans, was left for dead, and had 116 pounds-sterling stolen from him his person.  John had been a ship’s carpenter at York in 1812 and had been placed in charge of stores there as well.  On February 1, 1814, Major General Drummond signed an order to have John conveyed to the Town of York at the government’s expense.  On March 19, 1814, John applied to the Loyal and Patriotic Society at York for a pension because his wound had disabled him and limited his ability to earn a living in his trade.  The society granted him $100.00.  After the war, John made a war loss claim for the money that was taken from him while he lay on the battlefield at Moraviantown.  In 1824, he reported that he had a wife and five small children to support.  A note on the outside of the claim indicated that it was inadmissible.[19]

David Sherman, who had earlier that day encountered Tecumseth, his father Lemuel Sherman, of the Kent Militia, and other farmers from the area helped bury the dead of both sides in a common grave.  It was rumoured that the Sherman’s knew where Tecumseth was buried, but his grave was never found.
The sick and wounded were taken to the Sherman farm where the barn was used as a hospital.  Many men recovered there during the winter and left their names carved in woodwork.  A Kentucky trooper remained with the Sherman’s for many years until he died and was buried there.[20]

Lemuel suffered a number of losses at this time.  The Americans took, burnt, and destroyed his property.  He lost a large number of fence panels and rails, 300 bushels of wheat, 100 bushels of oats, fifty bushels of spelt, four tons of hay, and other items.  In his losses to the British he claimed for three days with a team conveying the sick and baggage of the 41st Regiment, six days conveying stores, thirty bushels of oats to the Provincial Dragoons, and a cart impressed by the army.  The Indigenous warriors allied with the British killed ten of his hogs.  He claimed:

Wheat at 7.5 shillings per bushel of wheat
Oats at 5 shillings per bushel of oats
Spelt (an ancient wheat) at 5 shillings per bushel
Hay at 3 pounds per ton.[21]

The Reverend Christian Frederick Denkey was acting missionary to the Moravian Indigenous people at this time, when the Americans plundered the mission property.  The mission lost a house of worship, a school, five dwelling houses, and four stables.  Livestock taken away included two heifers, a bull, a horse, and eighteen hogs.  The contents of the buildings included two stoves with pipes, four tables, two cupboards, a washing machine, a pipe mould, three double bedsteads, five trambles, two sets of hand irons, two still wells, nine brass kettles, two tin kettles, two dutch ovens, three skillets, four copper tea kettles, a coffee mill, and a brass candle stick from the church.  Farming utensils included a plough, an iron teeth harrow, a large chain, two scythes, two sickles, two hatches, six iron wedges, a cross cut saw, a flax break, a gun, a thermometer, seven linen bags, five spinning wheels, two reels, a syringe, thirty pounds of hops, twenty bushels of potatoes, ten bushels of apples, 150 bushels of Indian corn, two tons of timothy and clover hay, and sixty pounds of tobacco.  Values included:

A horse at 5 pounds
A bee hive at 25 shillings
Hogs at 1 pound each
Copper tea kettles at 2 pounds each
A coffee mill at 5 pounds
A thermometer at 25 shillings
Hops at 1.5 shillings per pound
Potatoes at 2 shillings per bushel
Apples at 2 shillings per bushel
Indian corn at 5 shillings per bushel
Timothy & clover hay 2.5 pounds per ton
Tobacco at 5 shillings a pound.[22]

After the battle the Americans also burnt a Delaware Nation village on the north side of the Thames River.[23]

October 6, 1813


In the Newcastle District

            A Court of Oyer and Terminer and General Gaol Delivery was held in Hamilton Township in the District Newcastle by Justice William Dummer Powell.  Philander Brunson and Samuel Martin were both found guilty of larceny and were sentenced to be confined for 24 hours and to then be publicly whipped.[24]

October 9, 1813

On the Niagara Frontier

            Captain William H. Merritt wrote that Major General Vincent had begun a retreat to Burlington Heights.  A quantity of flour left behind was taken by the Americans, but Vincent had ordered many of the British supplies destroyed.
            William’s father, though ill, was determined to retreat with the British, but William convinced him to stay behind in his home.  Most of the family were still in Burlington.[25]

In the London District

            Six Upper Canadians from Dover went to Buffalo together and joined a party of Americans, under the command of William Sutherland, who were headed for the London District.  The thirty men were intent on capturing public officers and property.  Between Dover and the Grand River, Simon Mabee left the group to go to his home in Dover where he stole a horse from Mr. Nichol’s barn.  Another man stole a horse from Nolen Davis’ field.  Several Upper Canadians were taken prisoner.  William Warren, John Bonnet, Hall, Frit, and Gilman were sent to Buffalo as prisoners.  Several of the band of men took a boat to Patterson’s Creek where they tried to recruit more men for their cause.  William Francis was captured with six head of cattle and they were all taken to Buffalo.[26]
            William Francis would later testify at the trial of some of his captors at the Ancaster Assizes in July, 1814.  Friends and family of these men would kill William on October 22, 1814 in retaliation.

In Oxford County

            William Teeple, William Herington, and David Graham, all of Oxford Township, were in the home of William McCartney, in the same township, when during the night, a party of Indigenous warriors entered the house and threatened them with knives and tomahawks.  The Indigenous allies took a pair of pistols, a gun, some provisions, and apparel, after destroying some beds and furniture.[27]
            John Norton signed a receipt for provisions and whiskey supplied to the Indigenous people on August 27, 1812 by William McCartney which may have indirectly led to the plundering of his home the following year because he was known to keep whiskey.[28]
            William served as a Quartermaster to the 1st Oxford Militia Flank Companies in 1812.[29]

October 11, 1813

On the Niagara Frontier

            Major General Vincent reported that the militia had mostly deserted and returned to their homes.  He had ordered General Shaw to go to York and call out the Upper Canadians to repair the roads and bridges so he could bring supplies to the Town of York.[30]

On the Thames River

            Frederick Arnold of the River Thames area was employed for two days with a team conveying the sick and baggage of the 41st Regiment from Howard Township to Moraviantown.  He claimed 1 pound and shillings for his service in 1815.  His claim was ruled inadmissible.[31]

October 12, 1813

In Lower Canada

            An American raiding party with about 150 soldiers attacked Mississiquoi Bay with the intent of disrupting the smuggling of American goods to the British.  Colonel Clark with a detachment of about 100 members of the 4th Battalion of Select Embodied Militia found himself under attack at Philipsburg.  The militia men “were not yet properly organized or armed.”
            One man was killed and eight were wounded.  The prisoners taken were Major Joseph Powell, Captains John Ruiter, James Pell, and Philip Luke Jr., Lieutenant John Richard, Ensigns Snider, George Ellis, and John Waggoner, 5 sergeants, and 91 privates.[32]

October 14, 1813

On the Niagara Frontier

            John Lawrence of Niagara Township transported baggage for the 19th Light Dragoons from Twelve Mile Creek to Ancaster for four days.[33]

October 15, 1813

            About 1300 retreating Western Indigenous people arrived in the Town of Burford.

October 16, 1813

            Brigadier General McClure, commanding the American forces on the Niagara Frontier, wrote an address to the Upper Canadians.  As the British military had abandoned the area, they were now under martial law.  The citizens were to remain at their homes and to have no communications with the British.  The existing laws of the province were to be maintained if they did not interfere with army regulations and local magistrates were to report any misconduct by American soldiers.[34]

            Captain William H. Merritt recorded that the traitor, Wilcox, had returned to Upper Canada and had been made Police Officer in charge of civil management and related military affairs.  He noted that Wilcox always patrolled the region at night and occasionally came as far as the Forty Mile Creek.  William and his troop had tried to find him a number of times.  William had nearly been captured himself one evening while visiting the ladies at the creek.[35]

On the St. Lawrence River

            Mary Smith of Far Island, on the St. Lawrence River, east of Gananoque, wrote that her milch cow was killed and taken on board the gun boat Black Snake which was sailed by Edward Walker of Kingston.  The British officers on board told her that she could make a claim in Kingston for the value of the cow.
            Mary’s husband, James Smith of Yonge Township, was on duty at the time with the militia in Prescott.  He served in Captain Richard D. Fraser’s Company of the Provincial Light Dragoons.[36]

October 17, 1813

On the Niagara Frontier

            Private Benjamin Smith reported that Captain John Smith’s Company of the 5th Lincoln Militia marched to Aikman’s and then stayed the night at Adam Green’s.[37]

October 18, 1813

            Captain John Smith’s Company was at the Twelve Mile Creek and stayed at Still’s house.[38]

            It was the first day of snow in Ancaster Township.[39]

October 19, 1813

            Captain John Smith’s Company was at McLean’s and stayed in Roeback’s barn until the 25th.[40]

October 20, 1813

On Lake Ontario

            Thomas Smith was employed as a hand upon the schooner Betsy, under the command of Captain Sampson, in a small fleet crossing Lake Ontario, when they were discovered and pursued by the American fleet.  Orders were given to abandon the Betsy and Thomas was commanded to set fire to the vessel so that it could not be captured.[41]

October 22, 1813

On the Niagara Frontier

            Another 700 western refugees arrived in the Town of Burford and continued on to Brant’s Ford.

On Lake Ontario

            Angus Mackintosh, an agent of the North West Company in Sandwich, supplied six bateaux to transport sick troops from York to Kingston.  Two were returned to him but the other four were kept in Kingston for government use.[42]

October 23, 1813

On the Niagara Frontier

            A letter from Kingston reported that the British had had great difficulty removing the sick during the British retreat to Burlington Heights.  The bateaux available were in a bad state and could not be repaired even, if men could have been found to row them.  The loss of supplies was regrettable but there would be even greater difficulties moving supplies from Burlington Heights to York as the boating season would soon end and the overland route was limited.  It was hoped that Major General Vincent would leave a lightly equipped detachment, supported by Indigenous warriors and local militia, at Burlington to guard the supplies being removed.[43]

            The general later received orders to remain and hold Burlington Heights.

            Captain John Chisholm, of the 2nd York Militia, reported that the Indigenous people, who had retreated with General Proctor, had arrived at the Head of the Lake in October.  Some were ordered to encamp on his farm in East Flamborough Township.  They took possession of his twenty-acre meadow, cut his trees down to make shelters, burnt his fence rails for firewood, and killed eleven swine, six sheep, and a cow for food.  Captain Chisholm felt it necessary to remove his family and abandon his two dwellings to officers of the Indian Department.  The Indigenous people remained on the property until the spring of 1815.[44]
            Other families in the surrounding townships had similar experiences as thousands of Indigenous people were encamped on cleared farm land.

October 24, 1813

At Chateauguay, Lower Canada

            Lieutenant Colonel Charles-Michel de Salaberry ordered Voltigeurs and militia to cut down trees and make abatis on the north shore of the Chateauguay River to impede the advance of an American army.  Lower Canadian farmers kept Salaberry up to date on the American’s progress.[45]

October 25, 1813

The Battle of Chateauguary in Lower Canada
           
            De Salaberry’s Lower Canadian forces included the Canadian Fencibles, the Voltiguers, and the Selected Embodied Militia.[46]

On the Niagara Frontier

            A small detachment of the 2nd York Militia under the command of Captain Samuel Ryckman, and another detachment, worked with teams on improving Dundas Street until November 9th.[47]

            Lieutenant Ephraim Land of the 5th Lincoln Militia reported that he was employed building barracks at Burlington Heights until November 6th.[48]

October 26, 1813

            Private Benjamin Smith was transferred to Sergeant Duncan McQueen’s Detachment of the 2nd York Militia to work on Dundas Street until November 24th.[49]
            Benjamin wrote that they marched to Andrew Miller’s and stayed there until November 23rd when they moved to Oliver’s.[50]

On the St. Lawrence River

            James Pitts of Osnabruck Township in Stormont County was captured by the Americans along with Francis Otto and Mayhew Tupper.  James was escorting a brigade of boats on the St. Lawrence River from Osnabruck to Fort Wellington.  They took his rifle, two coats, a hat, shoes, and stockings.[51]

October 27, 1813

On the Niagara Frontier

            Michael Groat Sr. was working on Dundas Street for two days as a private in Captain James Mordan’s Company of the 2nd York.[52]
            Michael arrived in Upper Canada in 1792 as the fifteen-year old African slave of William Davis, a Loyalist of North Carolina.  By 1794 he had obtained his freedom and became a resident of Nelson Township.  Family history had Michael born in the United States about 1777.  In 1842, he signed a petition as a Tuscarora warrior.[53]
           
October 29, 1813

On the St. Lawrence River

            William Chisholm, a merchant of Grantham Township in Niagara District, purchased a shipment of goods in Montreal that was seized on this date by the Americans at the Rapid Place on the Saint Lawrence River.  The American force was commanded by Major Woodford.  The shipment included cotton check, calico, cambric, flannel, and silk fabrics, umbrellas, socks and stockings, bonnets, combs, Morocco slippers, shawls, buttons, thread, liquor and wine, cards, razors, table knives, sugar, tea, coffee, chocolate, allspice, pepper, nutmeg, assorted plates and bowls, tea cups and saucers, pitchers and jugs, tumblers, and pocket bottles.[54]
            Wholesale values at Montreal were:

Umbrellas at 5.5 shillings each
Socks at 2 shillings per pair
Stockings at 3.5 shillings a pair
Silk scarves at 30 shillings each
A dozen combs at 20 shillings
A razor for about 1.5 shillings
A loaf of sugar for about 9.5 shillings
A pound of tea for 10.5 shillings
A pound of coffee for 1.5 shillings
 A pound of chocolate for 2 shillings
A pound of allspice at 1 shilling
A pound of pepper at 1.5 shillings
An ounce of nutmeg at 2.25 shillings
A gallon of Jamaica spirits at 10.25 shillings
A gallon of Cognac Brandy at 14 shillings
A gallon of Port Wine at 12 shillings

October 30, 1813

At Odelltown, Lower Canada

            Major Joseph Francois Perrault and 300 militia occupied Champlain, New York in retaliation for American raids earlier in the month.  The Americans had raided Odelltown on October 1st.  On October 10th, the major had issued a warning to the people of Champlain that any further invasions by their militia would not be tolerated.  On October 12th and 27th, Americans had attacked the British at Missisquoi Bay on Lake Champlain.[55]

October 31, 1813

At York

            Lieutenant John Lang of the 19th Dragoons reported that very good quarters could be found at Jordan’s Tavern in York where he had enjoyed a very good dinner of water fowl.[56]

            During the month, Ely Playter picked apples, finished his wheat, cleaned up his buckwheat, picked up the boots he ordered from Mr. Chesney in September, bought some leather, found Mr. Ward’s stray mare, repaired his oven, picked up his grist from the mill, and received mail.[57]

In Oxford County

            James P. and John Harris and Samuel Lewis were searching for a cow lost by Elisha Harris in Oxford Township when they found it’s skin in the camp of a party of Kickapoo warriors.  They had known that some of them had been hunting near Elisha’s farm.[58]

On the Niagara Frontier

            James Richmond and Danna Hartford were employed to take a boat to Burlington Heights where they picked up women and children belonging to the army and officer’s baggage.  Bad weather forced the boat to shore where it was wrecked on the shore near the Forty Mile Creek.[59]

            Benjamin Smith’s diary was only legible from October 13th to the end of the month.  On the farm in Ancaster Township, they spent a whole day looking for their lost oxen at the back of Bowman’s property, cleaned up the rye, gathered apples and delivered a load of them to Davis, hauled in corn and pumpkins, buried apples, began to make cider and pressed it, thrashed oats, cut wood, and put up the sows.
            Benjamin made trips to Choat’s, to Burlington Heights twice, and to Joseph House’s from the burial of Charity on the 24th.  From the 21st to the 27th the light horse stayed at Benjamin’s house.[60]

Benjamin served in Captain Peter Bowman’s Company of the 5th Lincoln Militia from October 6th to 7th.[61]

Upper Canadian Service Deaths

Captain Joshua Booth, Addington, casualty on duty, October 27, 1813
Widow Margaret Booth
Private David Ellis, Oxford, illness, October 27, 1813
Widow Margaret Ellis
Teamster Jonathan Hager, 2nd Lincoln, illness, October 10, 1813
Widow Azubah Hagar
Private David Hainer, 1st Lincoln, illness, October 6, 1813
Widow Hariet Hainer
Private Joseph Hicks, Prince Edward, illness, October 24, 1813
Widow Elizabeth Hicks
Sergeant Alexander Hutchins…, 1st Norfolk, disease, October 9, 1813,
Orphaned children to John Buckhouse
Private Nazareth Spooner, Frontenac, illness, October 13, 1813
Widow Parthena Spooner  [62] [63]

Sources:


[1] Capt. Wm. H. Merritt, of the Provincial Light Dragoons, Journal of Events, Principally on the Detroit and Niagara Frontiers, during the War of 1812, The Historical Society, B.N.A., St. Catharines, C.W., 1863, page 43.
[2] L. Homfray Irving, Officers of the British Forces in Canada during the War of 1812-15, Honorary Librarian, Canadian Military Institute, Welland Tribune Print, 1908, page 81, accessed at http://ia600204.us.archive.org/19/items/officersbrit00irviri..., on March 24, 2014.
[3] Collections Canada, War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1126, pages 593-596.
[4] Collections Canada, War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1127, pages 923-924.
[5] James Tinlin’s family history, http://records.ancestry.ca/james_tinlin_records.ashx?pid=38377681, accessed February 11, 2015.
[6] George Sheppard, Plunder, Profit, and Paroles:  A Social History of the War of 1812 in Upper Canada, McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1994, page 92.
[7] Ernest Alexander Cruikshank, Documentary History of the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier in 1813, Part III, August to October, Vol. 7, Lundy’s Lane Historical Society, printed at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1905, page 189, accessed at www.ourroots.ca, March 24, 2014.
[8] Ernest Alexander Cruikshank, Documentary History of the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier in 1813, Part III, August to October, Vol. 7, Lundy’s Lane Historical Society, printed at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1905, pages 187-188, accessed at www.ourroots.ca, March 24, 2014.
[9] Collections Canada, War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1129, pages 1307-1308 and 1363.
[10] Collections Canada, War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1134, page 52.
[11] Collections Canada, War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1139, pages 732-737.
[12] Dorothy Duncan, Hoping for the Best, Preparing for the Worst, Dundurn, Toronto, 2012, page 198.
[13] Major John Richardson, Richardson’s War of 1812, edited by Alexander Casselman, Coles Publishing Company, Toronto, 1974, page 211.
[14] Major John Richardson, Richardson’s War of 1812, edited by Alexander Casselman, Coles Publishing Company, Toronto, 1974, pages 247-271.
[15] Harold S. Bende, New Source Material for the History of the Mennonites in Ontario, Mennonite Quarterly Review 3, Number 1, 1929, pages 45-53.
[16] Collections Canada, War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1129, pages 311-314.
[17] Collections Canada, War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1140, page 362.
[18] Collections Canada, War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1133, pages 412-416.
[19] Collections Canada, War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1139, pages 226-231.
[20] Dorothy Duncan, Hoping for the Best, Preparing for the Worst, Dundurn, Toronto, 2012, pages 198-199.
[21] Collections Canada, War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1133, pages 573-579.
[22] Collections Canada, War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1139, pages 414-418.
[23] Delaware Nation, http://delawarenation.on.ca/, accessed April 4, 2016.
[24] Linda Corupe, U.E., Upper Canada Justice, Early Assize Court Records of Ontario, Vol. 2, 1810-1818, transcribed and indexed 2008, pages 96-97.
[25] Capt. Wm. H. Merritt, of the Provincial Light Dragoons, Journal of Events, Principally on the Detroit and Niagara Frontiers, during the War of 1812, The Historical Society, B.N.A., St. Catharines, C.W., 1863, pages 43-44.
[26] Ernest Alexander Cruikshank, Documentary History of the Campaign Upon the Niagara Frontier in the year 1813, Part IV, Vol. 8, Lundy’s Lane Historical Society, printed at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1907, online at www.ourroots.ca, pages 183-184.
[27] Collections Canada, War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1133, pages 200-208.
[28] Oakland Township:  200 Years, Vol. 4, Part 2, page 1085, accessed September 13, 2015 on Google Books.
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[30] Ernest Alexander Cruikshank, Documentary History of the Campaign Upon the Niagara Frontier in the year 1813, Part IV, Vol. 8, Lundy’s Lane Historical Society, printed at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1907, page 50, accessed at www.ourroots.ca, March 25, 2014.
[31] Collections Canada, War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1137, page 1047.
[32] Forces of Lord Selkirk Facebook Group, Today in History, Oct. 12, 2018.
[33] Collections Canada, War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1127, pages 415-422.
[34] Ernest Alexander Cruikshank, Documentary History of the Campaign Upon the Niagara Frontier in the year 1813, Part IV, Vol. 8, Lundy’s Lane Historical Society, printed at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1907, pages 65-67, accessed at www.ourroots.ca, March 25, 2014.
[35] Capt. Wm. H. Merritt, of the Provincial Light Dragoons, Journal of Events, Principally on the Detroit and Niagara Frontiers, during the War of 1812, The Historical Society, B.N.A., St. Catharines, C.W., 1863, page 44.
[36] Collections Canada, War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1135, pages 276-281.
[37] Benjamin Smith’s Diary, Ontario Archives, pages 136-137.
[38] Benjamin Smith’s Diary, Ontario Archives, pages 136-137.
[39] Benjamin Smith’s Diary, Benjamin Smith Fonds F582, Ontario Archives, Toronto, Ontario.
[40] Benjamin Smith’s Diary, Ontario Archives, pages 136-137.
[41] Collections Canada, War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1130, page 124.
[42] Collections Canada, War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1127, pages 1199-1203.
[43] Ernest Alexander Cruikshank, Documentary History of the Campaign Upon the Niagara Frontier in the year 1813, Part IV, Vol. 8, Lundy’s Lane Historical Society, printed at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1907, page 89, accessed at www.ourroots.ca, March 25, 2014.
[44] Collections Canada, War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1131, page 389.
[45] Forces of Lord Selkirk Facebook Group, Oct. 24, 2018.
[46] Forces of Lord Selkirk Facebook Group, Oct. 25, 2018.
[47] Collections Canada, War of 1812:  Upper Canada Nominal Rolls and Paylists, RG9, Militia and Defence, Series 1-B-7, Microfilm t-10384, page 202.
[48] Collections Canada, War of 1812:  Upper Canada Nominal Rolls and Paylists, RG9, Militia and Defence, Series 1-B-7, Microfilm t-10386, page 868.
[49] Collections Canada, War of 1812:  Upper Canada Nominal Rolls and Paylists, RG9, Militia and Defence, Series 1-B-7, Microfilm t-10384, page 240.
[50] Benjamin Smith’s Diary, Ontario Archives, pages 136-137.
[51] Collections Canada, War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1138, pages 745.
[52] Collections Canada, War of 1812:  Upper Canada Returns, Nominal Rolls and Paylists, Microfilm t-10384, page 169.
[53] Jerry Prager’s Groat Family History from correspondence 2013-2015
[54] Collections Canada, War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1128, pages 226-250.
[55] Forces of Lord Selkirk, Facebook Group, Oct. 27, 2018 Posting.
[56] The Fife and Drum, The Newsletter of The Friends of Fort York and Garrison Common, Volume 17, Number 3, October, 2013, page 5.
[57] Ely Playter’s Diary, October, 1813, https://twitter.com/ElyPlayter1812, accessed June 6, 2015.
[58] Collections Canada, War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1140, page 369.
[59] Collections Canada, War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1130, page 80 and 85.
[60] Benjamin Smith’s Diary, Benjamin Smith Fonds F582, Ontario Archives, Toronto, Ontario.
[61] Collections Canada, War of 1812:  Upper Canada Returns, Nominal Rolls and Paylists, Microfilm t-10386, pages 1049 & 1158.

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