First
Edition Published February 10, 2016
Second
Edition Published March 2, 2017
Third
Edition Published September 3, 2019
Copyright
by Fred Blair
Changes
and additions are in blue text.
December 7,
1813
At York
Lieutenant Ely Playter of the 3rd York
received orders to take charge of boats in the Town of York loaded for the
journey to Burlington. Although he left
early for town the next morning, when he arrived there, he discovered that the
boats, having fare winds, had sailed without him. Ely returned home to get a horse and then
rode to the Credit River to see if he could catch up with them there. Having missed them again, he returned home
again.[1]
On the Niagara
Frontier
The British advanced to the Forty
Mile Creek on the Niagara Frontier. They
were short on supplies and took advantage of the journey to gather flour and
beef from the locals.[2]
By this time the price of a barrel
of flour had been inflated to twelve dollars.
In April, 1812, John Askin had been buying it from western farmers at
six dollars and selling it to the government at seven and a half or at eight
and a half if it was shipped to York.
In February, the price would reach
fourteen dollars in Kingston.[3]
December 9,
1813
Captain William H. Merritt impressed
about forty-eight sleighs for the British advance towards Niagara. The flour gathered on the 7th was
sent to the British army by oxen. George
Ball arrived and informed him that the American General McClure had threatened
to burn every house that he could if the British continued to advance.
Merritt met one of his dragoons at
the cross roads on the Fifteen Mile Creek while scouting ahead. As they rode further they overtook an Upper
Canadian sleigh bearing information to the Americans. Merritt arrested Mr. Ferguson. As Captain Martin joined him they advanced
further to Smith’s house, took Mr. Force prisoner there, and turned him over to
a sergeant. As Merritt advanced further
he heard a gunshot behind him and turned back.
After Mr. Force had been placed in a sleigh, he had jumped out, and
leaped over a fence. The sergeant called
to him to stop, but as the prisoner did not stop, he fired and shot him in the
back of the head.
Merritt then rode to his father’s
house and picked him and Mr. Chisholm up.
He took his father to Mr. Ball’s house and then returned to the Forty
Mile Creek where he was reprimanded by Colonel Murray for disobeying
orders. Merritt begged the colonel to advance
to the Twelve Mile Creek to save the Upper Canadian homes from being burnt by
the Americans. The colonel refused to
advance beyond the Twenty Mile Creek.
Merritt next hired some sleighs and
advanced on the McGregor Road with D. Servos, seven dragoons, and three militia
men. The dragoons went to Shipman’s
house to watch the road for Americans.
They loaded the sleighs with supplies and had been gone only a few
minutes when the dragoons rode up to report that three or four American
officers were on their way towards them from Shipman’s.
Merritt went back under a flag of
truce to meet the American scouting party.
He tried to convince them that the British army had advanced to the
Twelve Mile Creek, even though they were still at the Forty Mile Creek. The Americans gave Merritt a letter for
Colonel Murray which Merritt sent back to the colonel. While they waited for a reply he dined with
them at this father’s house. He sent
word to the militia to assemble at Haynes’ and Clendenning’s houses to form a
picket there. In the evening, Merritt
took the Americans to Clendenning’s, where the militia had assembled, and gave
the Americans the impression that they were part of the British advance. Colonel Murray’s reply met them there and
Merritt accompanied the Americans back to his father’s home having fooled the
Americans about the true location of the British army.[4]
Who were Mr. Force & Mr.
Ferguson?
Private Benjamin Smith wrote in his
diary that many of the militia men in his company were ill and that some had
died.[5]
In Hastings County
John Sparrow, of Thurlow Township in
Hastings County, received a 24-hour pass in Plattsburgh, New York, to recover
his property, which was taken by the crew of the Galling, and an additional 24
hours in which to return to Lower Canada.
If he was in the state after midnight of December 11th, he
was to be arrested and to be treated as a spy.
His merchandise had been seized on
December 4th on the northern bank of Lake Champlain. He valued his loss at just over 478 pounds
but only recovered about 125-pounds worth before his pass expired.[6]
December 10,
1813
American
Burning of the Town of Niagara
Captain
Merritt returned to Clendenning’s home about two o’clock in the morning and
climbed into a comfortable bed in the hope of having a good night’s sleep. He had barely gotten to sleep when he
received orders to go to Beaver Dams and gather flour for the British
army. He gathered men and four sleighs
and sent them to Ball’s Mills. He found
a shipment of flour in New Holland that was to be shipped to the
Americans. While returning to Beaver
Dams he captured young Mr. Force who had escaped the night before. Mr. Force told him that the Americans were
abandoning the town and Mr. Force had decided to return to his home. Merritt then discovered that the Town of
Niagara was on fire.[7]
The
Town of Niagara had supported a population of about 1000, but as most of the
men had fled when the Americans took possession of the town, there were only
about 400 women, children, and old men still residing there. On that windy, snowy day the residents were
only given a few hours to gather their possessions before the Americans started
burning buildings. At one o’clock Joseph
Willcocks’ Canadian Volunteers began to set the buildings on fire.
Charlotte
Dickson, the wife of William Dickson, was too ill to leave her bed and was
carried out into the road while still in it and was left there as the men set
fire to her home.
The widow Campbell
walked several miles in the cold with her children looking for shelter. Her youngest child died from exposure during
the walk. The following day the bodies
of women and children were found in the snow.
Some had made it to Mrs. McFarland’s home on the River Road and were
given food and shelter there. Sleighs arrived
from the countryside and gathered up a number of refugees.[8]
Only three
houses survived the fire. They belonged
to the Clench, Gordon, and Henry families.
The Henry home was destroyed in 1814 when Fort Mississauga was built on
the shore. Mr. Clench’s house was
accidentally burned on March 14, 1814 and was reported as the last surviving
house in the town.[9] What became of the Gordon home?
Who was Mr. Clench?
Mary
Henry, the lighthouse keeper’s wife, poured water from the river onto the roof
of her house and was successful in saving her home from the fire. The Americans did not destroy the nearby
lighthouse as their ships used it to navigate.
It survived until the following year when it was torn down to make way
for the construction of Fort Mississauga.[10]
Mary
was credited with taking in some of the towns people who lost their homes and
with providing medical care and food and drinks.[11]
In
1819, Dominick Henry made a land petition as a resident of the Town of
Niagara. He had retired from the Royal
Artillery in 1808 and received an appointment to take charge of the light house
in the town. When the light house was
taken down in 1814 he had lost his means of employment. His wife was employed as a nurse and
midwife. As all the houses in the town
had been destroyed, he had built a shelter on a vacant lot which had become the
property of Thomas Racey. Dominick
requested the grant of a town lot on which he could build a home for his
family.[12]
James Gordon
did not make a claim for any losses, in part because his house was not
destroyed. However, on May 27th most of
his furniture and some other articles were taken by the Americans when they
captured the town and Fort George.
William Dickson’s servant, Benjamin Holmes, was living in
a house owned by his employer. His
extensive and detailed list of items lost during the burning of the home gave
an insight into household contents at the time.
He claimed for the loss of a large mattress, three pillows with cases,
three sheets, seven blankets, a rug, a large walnut table, two common tables, eleven
chairs, a hammock, a barrel of vinegar, six glass tumblers, fourteen wine
glasses, three candlesticks, six tin tumblers, four quart measures, a pint
measure, a lantern, twelve cups and saucers, a teapot, a sugar bowl, a slop
bowl, a cream jug, a dozen tart pans, tin platters, eight flat tins for baking,
a tin pail, three forks, three brass forks, a frying pan, a pair of hand irons,
six earthen bowls, a tea chest, a canister, a ladle, a flesh fork, two saucer
pans, a barrel of soap-grease, a fire shovel, a pair of tongs, two small tin
pans, a skimmer, a tea kettle, three dozen black bottles, a wash tub, a cruet
stand, a set of scales and weights, a pair of silver sugar tongs, a trunk of
clothing, a fine hat, a fine bonnet, two pair of men’s shoes, a great coat, a
pair of buckskin gloves, a case of razors, a pair of shoe brushes, a testament,
a spelling book, a cooking book, two looking glasses, two axes, a hand saw, a
hammer, and a fowling piece taken by the enemy.[13]
William
Dickson had been taken prisoner by the Americans during the summer and was
being held in Albany, New York. He and
Joseph Willcocks of the Canadian Volunteers had been political opponents in the
Upper Canada Legislative Assembly.
Benjamin
Holmes also reported that one of the sons of the widow Elizabeth Campbell died
from eating spoiled flour left by the Americans after they had plundered and
burned her home.[14]
Elizabeth’s
husband, Donald Campbell, had been the Fort Major at Fort George and died on
December 1, 1812.[15]
After
the fire, Elizabeth petitioned for candles and fire wood.[16]
Captain
Merritt met Colonel Murray and his men at Shipman’s house. In the evening, Merritt rode towards the Town
of Niagara and stopped at Thompson’s and McNab’s, where he learned that the
Americans had abandoned the town and left the residents in distress. Their homes were reduced to piles of burning
coals and the streets were full of furniture pulled out of the homes as they
burned. Merritt noted that James
Gordon’s house was still standing. He
rode on to Mr. Whitmore’s home and had a good meal and finally, a very good
sleep.[17]
Sir
George Prevost, Commander of His Majesty’s Forces in North America, later wrote
that the Americans had forced about 400 women and children from their homes
before setting about 150 buildings on fire.[18]
Other
estimates had about 300 homes torched and valued at about 40,000 pounds, five
times the annual revenue of the province.
The
British would later retaliate across the Niagara River at Lewiston, Black Rock,
and Buffalo. The estimated damage was
334 buildings set on fire and a loss of $350,000.[19]
David
Hartman, a baker in the town, lost a one and a half storey framed house and a
rough-hewed log house, together worth 250 pounds. His 1815 war loss claim was rejected because
he had deserted his regiment and died in the United States.[20]
Thomas
Powis lost one of the largest houses in the community. He called his house Niagara Coffee. The stone, brick, and wood building measured seventy-two
by twenty-two feet and three storeys high.
His second stone house was thirty-three by twenty-one feet and two storeys
high. Between the two buildings he had forty-seven
doors and fifty windows. He also lost
two ovens, a stable, a barn, a carriage shed, and a smoke house. The list of contents included forty-two
Windsor Chairs, twelve benches in the ball room, two iron stoves, a Mason’s
room, and a billiard table. Among his
food supplies were twelve bottles of ketchup.[21]
St.
Mark’s Anglican Church was burned as well.
When war began, it had been used as a warehouse and hospital at
different times by the British. In
October, 1812, Sir Isaac Brock’s state funeral was held in the church. When the town was captured by the Americans
in May, 1813 they used it in the same way that the British had. Some gravestones were used as butcher blocks
for cutting up carcasses by the American sutlers. Charles Morrison’s stone still bears the axe
marks. Although most of the church was
lost the stone masonry survived and was used in the nave of the new church.[22]
There
is an interactive map with the names of property owners in the Town of Niagara
just prior to the war at http://niagaraeveofwar.ca/en/content/home/index/
I have an index to the related war loss claims.
December 11,
1813
In
Ancaster Township
Private Benjamin Smith
reported that he had returned home to Ancaster Township and was lame with
rheumatism.[23]
December 12,
1813
On the Niagara Frontier
Colonel
John Murray wrote that his advance towards Niagara had forced the Americans to
quickly abandon Fort George and the Niagara Frontier. He noted that the Niagara Peninsula was a
plentiful source of provisions of every kind and that the people must have been
relieved to have been freed from the American tyranny that affected every
family living there during the occupation.[24]
Charles
Askin wrote in his diary that Colonel Murray had marched into Queenston at
midnight with the 100th Regiment and some dragoons, warriors, and
militia.[25]
Captain
William H. Merritt was sent across the river to Lewiston under a flag of truce
with Mrs. Nelles. They were nearly
swamped in a whirlpool. They spoke with
Mr. Nelles, Adams, Lyons, and Cordell.
Merritt asked them to discover the strength and position of the American
forces in the area.[26]
December 14,
1813
Charles
Askin reported that he had inventoried the cattle of Asa Baker who had left the
area and joined the Americans. The
British intended to seize Asa’s assets.[27]
December 18,
1813
Lieutenant
General Drummond wrote from St. David’s that his plan to attack Fort Niagara
had been postponed because the arrival of the bateaux for the river crossing
had been impeded by gale force winds and high waves on the lake. The boats had been brought from Burlington to
the Four Mile Creek where they were to be loaded on sleighs and driven to the
Two-Mile Creek.
He
also reported that Mr. Muirhead, who had not been bearing arms when he was
taken prisoner by the Americans, had been released from Buffalo and returned
home that day.[28]
Which
Muirhead was this?
An
American officer who was recovering from an illness in the home of Isaac Leach
of the Town of Niagara left on this day and took with him a straw bed, an
English mattress, and two sheets and pillows.[29]
This
report indicates that Isaac’s house was not burnt on December 10th. Isaac also claimed that money was taken from
him and his wife’s trunk by the Americans on December 11th.
As
the British occupied the town at this time it would have been unlikely for an
American officer to freely leave the town unless he had a parole or was being
escorted away as a prisoner. Who was
this officer?
December 19,
1813
British
Capture of Fort Niagara
A
General Order reported on the Capture of Fort Niagara and the services of
Captain Kerby and Lieutenants Ball, Servos, and Hamilton of the militia. The militia had launched the boats and rowed
the troops across the river.[30]
Captain
John D. Servos had brought the boats to the river and took part in the
crossing. He had carried a piece of
cordwood to place in the fort’s gateway so that it could not be closed once
they had entered. He was followed by
James McFarlane of the River Road and some men with axes to cut down the
pickets blocking the rear entrance to the fort.[31]
The
following day, Drummond praised the militia men who had overcome every
difficulty in transporting the boats to the launch site on the river and in
making the crossing. They had persevered
through high winds and surf on the lake, over snow and frost covered roads, and
through the rapid river currents.[32]
Lieutenant
General Drummond noted that the Americans had left supplies and guns behind
during their hasty retreat from Fort Niagara and that several of the
inhabitants who were detained at the fort were released when the British
arrived.[33]
Five
of the prisoners released were William Dickson, John McFarlane, Peter McMicken,
Samuel Street, and John Thompson.[34]
Peter McDougal,
a volunteer with the Indian Department was wounded at Lewiston and received a
pension for the resulting disability after the war.[35]
At York
A
celebration of the capture of Fort Niagara was held in the Town of York. If was the first of what became regular York
Assemblies. Every two weeks, John
Strachan, Alexander Wood, William Allan, Quetton St. George, and other notables
in the town met to discuss events.[36]
December 20,
1813
A
deserter from the Incorporated Militia, who had been found guilty during a
court martial, was shot before a firing squad on this day.[37]
Militia
men were rarely ever sentenced to death.
Who was this man and where was his trial?
December 22,
1813
On the Niagara Frontier
Drummond
wrote again from St. David’s that the severe weather and the slowness of the
militia was delaying the portaging of boats from Queenston to Chippawa. He wanted the boats there so he could attack
Buffalo before the Americans had time to fortify it further. Destroying the American vessels and supplies
there was of importance to him. He
complained that his own troops lacked fur hats and mitts and some lacked great
coats.[38]
Captains
Abraham Nelles and William Lyons of the 4th Lincoln signed American
paroles in Buffalo that they would not bear arms, serve in the Upper Canada
militia, or pass information to the British.
Captain George Adams and G.B. Stephenson signed paroles as well.[39]
In Leeds County
A
detachment of about thirty British soldiers with 170 American prisoners arrived
at the home of Jeremiah Mallory in Yonge Township and stayed the night
there. During the night, a number of
windows were broken. A quantity of pork,
butter, and clothing were taken away by the soldiers the following morning.[40]
December 23,
1813
At York
Lieutenant
Isaac Secor commanded a detachment of the 3rd York Militia that
escorted prisoners from York to Hamilton Township in Northumberland County
until January, 4, 1814.[41]
December 24,
1813
On the Niagara Frontier
Lieutenant
Lewis Horning of the 5th Lincoln Militia made a fuel Return for the
half-room he occupied over the last thirteen weeks. He had used four cords and seven feet of wood
and six pounds and eight ounces of candles.[42]
December 25,
1813
In
the evening, John Wilson had left the shop of the firm of Thomas Clark and
Samuel Street in Bridgewater, near Chippawa.
Upon returning a few minutes later he discovered that the door had been
broken open and a number of items missing from the shop. Captain Basden’s Company of the British 89th
Regiment were stationed in the area. The
captain had goods removed from the shop and placed in a store house and ordered
sentinels to guard it. On the 27th
he found the door of that store house broken open. Spirits had been removed from a tapped barrel
and a keg of tobacco was missing. On the
morning of the 28th, he discovered the same door broken open again
and more spirits were missing and a barrel of pork had been broken open and
partly emptied. Mr. Wilson suspected the
sentinels had had a hand in the last two break-ins.[43]
Near York
Ely
Playter teamed a dragoon horse and one of his father’s together on a sled. He upset the first load of hay. He had to learn the new horse and how to work
the team together. He drove them up and
down a hill without a load. The lines
broke and the team ran away. After
re-harnessing the team, he brought in two loads of hay.[44]
Captain
John Smith of the 5th Lincoln Militia commanded a company of thirty
men until January 1st, while escorting prisoners of war from
Burlington Heights to the Town of York.[45]
At York
Captain
Stephen Heward of the 3rd York Militia commanded a small detachment
of men employed in impressing teamsters to transport government stores. This effort continued until June 24, 1814.[46]
December 26,
1813
In the United States
Andrew
Heron, John Grier, H. Skinner, William Lyons, and George Adams were released by
the Americans and returned to their homes.[47]
December 29,
1813
On the Niagara Frontier
During
the war the wounded were often hospitalized in local homes. John Hassey of Stamford Township in the
Niagara District had soldiers under his families care until January 23, 1814. After the war, he claimed for six cords of
wood used to heat his home during this period.[48]
December 30,
1813
The Attack
on Black Rock and Burning of Buffalo
Major
General Riall crossed the Niagara River just after midnight of the 29th,
about two miles below Black Rock, with the regular army and about fifty militia
men. He commended the service of Captain
Servos of the 1st Lincoln Militia who acted as his
aide-de-camp. Three of the 1st
Lincoln Militia Company men were killed and Captain John D. Servos was slightly
wounded and four other militia men were wounded.[49]
Lieutenant
General Drummond noted that the militia who rowed and steered the boats across
the river were inexperienced. They had
launched the boats from a shallow and rocky beach which caused them to become
initially grounded. The Americans had
opened fire on the boats before they reached the opposite shore. He commended Captain Cameron for his service
with the Militia Artillery and Lieutenants Putnam, Davis, and Anderson and
several militia officers for piloting the boats across the quick flowing current
while under fire.[50]
On the Thames River
After
the war, Joseph Ebberts of the River Thames made enquiries about a shipment of
nine barrels of potash he shipped to Montreal in 1812. On December 16, 1815, Hugh Alexander wrote
that the distinctly branded barrels were shipped on June 20, 1812 on board the
Queen Charlotte which was bound for Fort Erie.
The captain of the vessel recalled that they were from the Detroit area
but could not remember the owner’s name.
On the 22nd the captain shipped the freight to James Macklem
in Chippawa. James was to collect the
freight charges and wait for further shipping instructions from the owner or
his agent.
In
the fall of 1813, Mr. Macklem transferred the barrels to Mr. Forsyth’s barn. Mr. Forsyth contacted Hugh Alexander and
asked him if he owned or had bills owing against the barrels of potash. The Americans, who had occupied the Niagara
Frontier, had been to Mr. Forsyth’s barn and broken open one of the barrels to
inspect the contents. They had
threatened Mr. Forsyth for hiding property that was not his and planned to
return and collect it.
Hugh
was aware that Seth Grosvenor of Buffalo intended to ship some potash to
Pittsburgh and sell it there for a good price.
As shipping to Montreal was cut off at this time, Hugh sent two wagons
to pick up the potash and deliver it to Buffalo.
Hugh
was later taken to Buffalo as a prisoner of the Americans. He met Mr. Grosvenor there and learned that
some of the potash had been destroyed when the town was attacked by the British
and Mr. Grosvenor’s store was burnt, but that some had already been shipped to
Pittsburgh.
After
the war, Hugh wrote Seth Grosvenor to obtain an account of how much of Joseph
Ebberts potash was sold and how much was lost.
In
February, 1816, Grant Kerby, who had acted as a shipping agent for the potash,
reported that most of Mr. Ebberts potash had been burned and the little bit
saved would scarce pay for the shipping expenses owing on the shipment.
In
1824, Joseph Ebberts made a war loss claim in Upper Canada for nine barrels of
potash, which he claimed had been taken by the enemy at Fort Erie. He reported that he had not presented his
claim in 1815 as he was unable to establish what had happened to his potash at that
time. The claim was rejected because the
commission was aware that Joseph’s agents had shipped the potash to the
Buffalo, in the United States, on Joseph’s behalf.[51]
On the Niagara Frontier
Between
December 30th and January 22nd of the following year,
Philip Wintermute, the son of Peter Wintermute of Bertie Township, delivered
sixteen cords of wood and eighty bundles of straw to the Blue House Hospital
near Fort Erie.[52]
Peter
Wintermute owned the Blue House, about 4 miles below Fort Erie.[53]
Peter’s
mother, Mary, was reported to have owned a tavern and guest house on the River
Road below the Fort Erie ferry.[54]
Peter
was born in 1751 in New Jersey and died in 1838 in Bertie Township. His son, Philip, was born in 1789 in Bertie
Township.[55]
Peter
had served in Butler’s Rangers during the American Revolution and arrived in
Upper Canada in 1788. His son, Philip,
had served as a private in the 1st Flank Company of the 3rd
Lincoln Militia in 1812. Philip died at
age sixty in 1849.[56]
December 31,
1813
In York
County
Although Quakers,
Mennonites, and Tunkers were exempt from armed militia service a law was passed
in 1809 that required them to pay a tax in lieu of service. In 1812, some Quakers refused to pay the tax
as they saw it as supporting the war. Peter
Wisner had married Phoebe Webb and settled in Whitchurch Twp., near Newmarket. Phoebe’s eighteen-year old brother, Thomas
Webb, had been imprisoned for not paying the tax. After six weeks, his father interceded and paid
for Thomas’ release.
Peter found himself in similar
circumstances in the winter at the end of the year 1813. British soldiers demanded the use of Peter’s
horses to deliver supplies to Fort George.
Having to make a choice about possibly losing his horses to poor
treatment or aiding the military, he chose to drive the team himself to ensure
that they were well taken care of and returned.
He had to travel over rough trails with few places to obtain food or
shelter. Early in 1814, within a week of
his return, he died of exhaustion at the age of twenty-seven. Phoebe was left a widow with a three-year old
daughter.[57]
During the month, Ely
Playter had killed his hogs, helped his father kill a beef cow, plastered and
whitewashed his house, and brought in some hay.[58]
Upper Canadian Service Deaths
Private George Benn, Lennox, illness,
December 31, 1813
Widow Susannah Benn
Private Abraham Cole, Lennox, illness,
December 31, 1813
Widow Elizabeth Cole
Private Samuel Farrington, Prince
Edward, illness, December 31, 1813
Widow Catharine Farrington
Captain John Jones, 1st
Lincoln, illness while a prisoner of war,
December 23, 1813, widow Jane Jones[59]
Why three deaths on the 31st
in the eastern part of the province? Had
the men suffered exposure while on duty?
Sources:
[1] Ely Playter’s Diary,
December 7-9, 1813, https://twitter.com/ElyPlayter1812, accessed June 6,
2013.
[2] Capt. Wm. H. Merritt,
of the Provincial Light Dragoons, Journal of Events, Principally on the Detroit
and Niagara Frontiers, during the War of 1812, The Historical Society, B.N.A.,
St. Catharines, C.W., 1863, pages 48-49.
[3] George Sheppard, Plunder, Profit, and
Paroles: A Social History of the War of
1812 in Upper Canada, McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1994, page 143.
[4] Capt. Wm. H. Merritt,
of the Provincial Light Dragoons, Journal of Events, Principally on the Detroit
and Niagara Frontiers, during the War of 1812, The Historical Society, B.N.A.,
St. Catharines, C.W., 1863, pages 48-51.
[5] Benjamin Smith’s
Diary, Ontario Archives, pages 136-137.
[6] Collections Canada,
War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1137, pages 62-68.
[7] Capt. Wm. H. Merritt,
of the Provincial Light Dragoons, Journal of Events, Principally on the Detroit
and Niagara Frontiers, during the War of 1812, The Historical Society, B.N.A.,
St. Catharines, C.W., 1863, page 51.
[8] Dianne Graves, In the Midst of Alarms: The Untold Story of Women and the War of
1812, Robin Brass Studio Inc., 2007, pages 277-278.
[10] Fred Habermehl, More
Than a Mere Matter of Marching, Ontario Genealogical Society, Niagara Peninsula
Branch, 2013, pages 115-116.
[12] Collections Canada,
Upper Canada Land Petitions, Microfilm c-2048, pages 379 to 382.
[13] Collections Canada,
War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1126, pages 1271-1273.
[14] Collections Canada,
War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1128, page 306.s
[15] Janet Carnochan, Graves
and Inscriptions in the Niagara Peninsula, Butler’s Family Graveyard, at http://www.sandycline.com/history/grave1.html, accessed February 24,
2015.
[16] Memo Authorizing a
Ration of Fuel and Candles to Mrs. Elizabeth Campbell, at http://images.ourontario.ca/1812/70297/data?n=4, accessed February 24,
2015.
[17] Capt. Wm. H. Merritt,
of the Provincial Light Dragoons, Journal of Events, Principally on the Detroit
and Niagara Frontiers, during the War of 1812, The Historical Society, B.N.A.,
St. Catharines, C.W., 1863, pages 51-52.
[18] Ernest Alexander
Cruikshank, Documentary History of the Campaign Upon the Niagara Frontier, In
1812-14, Vol. 9, Lundy’s Lane Historical Society, printed at the Tribune
Office, Welland, 1908, pages 112 and 115, accessed April 27, 2014, online at www.ourroots.ca.
[19] George Sheppard, Plunder, Profit, and
Paroles: A Social History of the War of
1812 in Upper Canada, McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1994, page 103.
[21] Collections Canada,
War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1126, pages 829-831.
[22] The Rev. Hugh D.
Maclean, A Rare Gift Within its Gates, The Story of St. Mark’s Anglican
Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, Canada, T&C Associates, Niagara-on-the-Lake,
1980, pages 7-9.
[23] Benjamin Smith’s
Diary, Ontario Archives, pages 136-137.
[24] Ernest Alexander
Cruikshank, Documentary History of the Campaign Upon the Niagara Frontier in
the year 1813, Part IV, Vol. 8, Lundy’s Lane Historical Society, printed at the
Tribune Office, Welland, 1907, page 270, online at www.ourroots.ca.
[25] Ernest Alexander
Cruikshank, Documentary History of the Campaign Upon the Niagara Frontier, In
1812-14, Vol. 9, Lundy’s Lane Historical Society, printed at the Tribune
Office, Welland, 1908, pages 26-27, accessed April 27, 2014, online at www.ourroots.ca.
[26] Capt. Wm. H. Merritt,
of the Provincial Light Dragoons, Journal of Events, Principally on the Detroit
and Niagara Frontiers, during the War of 1812, The Historical Society, B.N.A.,
St. Catharines, C.W., 1863, page 52.
[27] Ernest Alexander
Cruikshank, Documentary History of the Campaign Upon the Niagara Frontier, In
1812-14, Vol. 9, Lundy’s Lane Historical Society, printed at the Tribune
Office, Welland, 1908, pages 26-27, accessed April 27, 2014, online at www.ourroots.ca.
[28] Ernest Alexander
Cruikshank, Documentary History of the Campaign Upon the Niagara Frontier, In
1812-14, Vol. 9, Lundy’s Lane Historical Society, printed at the Tribune
Office, Welland, 1908, pages 6-8, accessed April 27, 2014, online at www.ourroots.ca.
[29] Collections Canada,
War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1139, pages 953-956.
[30] Ernest Alexander
Cruikshank, Documentary History of the Campaign Upon the Niagara Frontier, In
1812-14, Vol. 9, Lundy’s Lane Historical Society, printed at the Tribune
Office, Welland, 1908, pages 14-15, accessed April 27, 2014, online at www.ourroots.ca.
[31] William Kirby and
Lorne Pierce, Annals of Niagara, Macmillan Co. of Canada, Toronto, 1927, pages 221-222.
[32] Ernest Alexander
Cruikshank, Documentary History of the Campaign Upon the Niagara Frontier, In
1812-14, Vol. 9, Lundy’s Lane Historical Society, printed at the Tribune
Office, Welland, 1908, pages 21-22, accessed April 27, 2014, online at www.ourroots.ca.
[33] Ernest Alexander
Cruikshank, Documentary History of the Campaign Upon the Niagara Frontier, In
1812-14, Vol. 9, Lundy’s Lane Historical Society, printed at the Tribune
Office, Welland, 1908, page 11, accessed April 27, 2014, online at www.ourroots.ca.
[34] William Kirby and
Lorne Pierce, Annals of Niagara, Macmillan Co. of Canada, Toronto, 1927, page 224.
[35] Pension Poster –
Casualties, January 1, 1817, Nelles Family Fonds, Ref. Code F 542,
box
MU 2192, Ontario Archives, Toronto.
[36] George Sheppard, Plunder, Profit, and
Paroles: A Social History of the War of
1812 in Upper Canada, McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1994, page 169.
[37] George Sheppard, Plunder, Profit, and
Paroles: A Social History of the War of
1812 in Upper Canada, McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1994, page 91.
[38] Ernest Alexander
Cruikshank, Documentary History of the Campaign Upon the Niagara Frontier, In
1812-14, Vol. 9, Lundy’s Lane Historical Society, printed at the Tribune
Office, Welland, 1908, page 35, accessed April 27, 2014, online at www.ourroots.ca.
[39] Ernest Alexander
Cruikshank, Documentary History of the Campaign Upon the Niagara Frontier, In
1812-14, Vol. 9, Lundy’s Lane Historical Society, printed at the Tribune
Office, Welland, 1908, page 39, accessed April 27, 2014, online at www.ourroots.ca.
[40] Collections Canada,
War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1139, pages 1032-1037.
[41] Collections Canada,
War of 1812: Upper Canada Returns,
Nominal Rolls and Paylists, Microfilm t-10384, page 533.
[42] Collections Canada,
War of 1812: Upper Canada Returns,
Norminal Rolls and Paylists, RG9, Militia and Defence, Series 1-B-7, Microfilm
t-10386, page 831.
[43] Collections Canada,
War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1130, pages 1022-1023.
[44] Ely Playter’s Diary,
December 25, 1813, https://twitter.com/ElyPlayter1812, accessed June 6,
2015.
[45] Collections Canada,
War of 1812: Upper Canada Returns,
Norminal Rolls and Paylists, RG9, Militia and Defence, Series 1-B-7, Microfilm
t-10386, pages 991 & 1146-1147.
[46] Collections Canada,
War of 1812: Upper Canada Returns,
Norminal Rolls and Paylists, RG9, Militia and Defence, Series 1-B-7, Microfilm
t-10384, pages 389-416.
[47] Ernest Alexander
Cruikshank, Documentary History of the Campaign Upon the Niagara Frontier, In
1812-14, Vol. 9, Lundy’s Lane Historical Society, printed at the Tribune
Office, Welland, 1908, page 51, accessed April 27, 2014, online at www.ourroots.ca.
[48] Collections Canada,
War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1126, pages 570-571.
[49] Ernest Alexander
Cruikshank, Documentary History of the Campaign Upon the Niagara Frontier, In
1812-14, Vol. 9, Lundy’s Lane Historical Society, printed at the Tribune
Office, Welland, 1908, pages 70 and 72-73, accessed April 27, 2014, online at www.ourroots.ca.
[50] Ernest Alexander
Cruikshank, Documentary History of the Campaign Upon the Niagara Frontier, In
1812-14, Vol. 9, Lundy’s Lane Historical Society, printed at the Tribune
Office, Welland, 1908, pages 74-75, accessed April 27, 2014, online at www.ourroots.ca.
[51] Collections Canada,
War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1136, pages 64-70.
[52] Collections Canada,
War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1134, page 677.
[53] Collections Canada,
War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1134, page 686.
[54] Susquhanna Loyalists,
accessed September 8, 2015 at https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/SusquehannaLoyalists/conversations/messages/499
[55] Peter Wintermute by Brenda Rutherford, http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Wintermute-40, accessed September 9,
2015.
[56] Bio of Philip Wintemute, http://www.1812veterans.ca/en/searchdetails.php?id=238, accessed September 9,
2015.
[57] JoAnn Clark, More Than
a Mere Matter of Marching, Ontario Genealogical Society, Niagara Peninsula
Branch, 2013, pages 241-243.
[58] Ely Playter’s Diary,
December, 1813, https://twitter.com/ElyPlayter1812, accessed June 6,
2013.
No comments:
Post a Comment