First
Edition Published December 13, 2015
Second Edition
Published December 16, 2016
Third
Edition Published April 4, 2019
Copyright
by Fred Blair
Changes
and additions to this edition are in blue text.
July 1, 1813
On the Niagara
Frontier
Captain William H.
Merritt had escorted Mr. Hardison, a prisoner accused of aiding the enemy, from
Fort Erie to DeCou’s house. On returning
there on July 1st, he learned that Mr. Hardison had been liberated.[1]
Who was Mr. Hardison
and how was he liberated?
In York
The
Loyal and Patriotic Society reported that the Rev. John Strachan and others had
provided 253 Pounds, 4 shillings, and 9 pence, New York currency for the use of
the hospital in York after the American attack on April 27th. It was noted that the hospital had been left
without a surgeon, commissary, or medical stores. It was expected that the British forces would
repay that amount on their return.[2]
In Lower Canada
Private George Chase of
the Incorporated Militia suffered an accident while escorting prisoners of war
to Montreal. After the war he received a
pension for his disability.[3]
[4]
July 5, 1813
The British
Raided Fort Schlosser
On the Niagara Frontier
Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Clark of
the 2nd Lincoln Militia was ordered to assemble a detachment of
militia men to assist Ensign Winder of the 49th Regiment in
capturing American supplies at Fort Schlosser, which was located just above
Chippawa on the Niagara River. He had
assembled 34 men by nightfall and joined Winder’s party of seven men on the
river. They arrived at the fort in three
boats a little after daybreak and surprised and captured the 11 American
soldiers on guard and some civilians. It
took about an hour to load the supplies into their boats and three of the
captured American boats and return to the river. As they were parting about a dozen men
arrived on the beach and opened fire on them.
The British party returned the fire but it was believed that no one was
injured in this brief engagement. They
captured a gun boat, 2 bateaux, a brass six-pounder, 57 arms, kegs of musket
ball cartridges, a musket proof curtains for boats, 2 anchors, 20 barrels of
salt, 12 casks of tobacco, 8 barrels of pork, a barrel of whiskey, and some
spades, oars, and axes.[5]
July 6, 1813
Captain William H. Merritt had been
given orders to determine if medicine hidden at Cassel Chorus’, near Niagara,
had remained safe. Captains Hamilton,
Jarvis, McKenny, and Ball joined him for what they hoped would be a pleasurable
ride. They took turns riding ahead to
ensure that the coast was clear. They
found the medicine cache at Chorus’ safe but noticed an American picket at the
end of the lane. The four mounted men
charged at the pickets who ran off before the riders were within gunshot
range. The pickets had detained Mrs.
Cain and her daughter who were afraid of being recaptured. Hamilton and McKenny each took one of the
women up behind them on their horses.
Within minutes, hundreds of American dragoons and infantry arrived and
the four men took off with the ladies.
Merritt and his party took the Lake Road to Mrs. McNabb’s where they met
Miss Symington and Miss Crooks and spent the afternoon socializing. In the evening the men returned to Twelve
Mile Creek.[6]
Chorus was probably Casel/Castle Corus
who served in the 1st Lincoln Militia.
Orders were issued for the local
militia to improve the condition of Dundas Street so that it could be used to
transport troops, ordnance, and supplies.
Officers were to employ up to one third of their company in this
task. Privates were to receive two and a
half shillings per day rather than their usual pay of half a shilling per day,
as they were expected to provide their own tools for the road work. Militia officers were to arrange billeting
for their men. Men could be rotated so
that they could have three days off in each week if they wished to work on
their farms.[7]
Samuel Green of West Flamborough
Township served as a private in Captain Samuel Ryckman’s Company of the 2nd
York Militia while bateauxing to the Town of York and back from June 25 to July
6th.[8]
He was killed on this day at Stoney
Creek and his widow, Margaret, received a pension after the war.[9]
How was he killed? The Battle of Stoney Creek was on June 6th. Was the date of his death recorded
incorrectly?
July 7, 1813
Captain William H. Merritt was
ordered back to Chorus’ to dig up and recover the medicines hidden there, as
they were desperately needed by the British.
After the medicines were dispatched, Merritt and two other officers went
over to Squire Peter Ball’s for an excellent breakfast with the ladies. After breakfast the three men went to the
main road to find Captain John Norton’s Indigenous scouting party. As they arrived a skirmish began with the
Americans. The other officers left to
find their men while Merritt and John Ball were left, unarmed, with the warriors. John Law, a thirteen-year old boy, joined the
skirmish. His father had been dangerously
wounded and taken prisoner at Fort George on May 27th and his older
brother had been shot seven times and killed that day. As he was determined on revenge, he could not
be persuaded from leaving and continued to fire at the Americans. As Merritt and Ball were both unarmed, they
attempted to leave the engagement but when they did the warriors retreated with
them. They decided to take their chances
and stay at the skirmish. When the
skirmish was nearly over his Mrs. Law arrived and forcefully removed her young
son. She gave Merritt and Ball a couple
of red coats to wear so that they would not be fired upon by their native
allies.
During the engagement, there were a number of advances and withdrawals. The Americans sent two officers and fifty
additional men along Ball’s road to flank the warriors but were cut off and
only seven escaped. Captain Merritt
intervened to save the American prisoners who the warriors had threatened to
kill. As the Americans were reinforced
again the warriors and the two officers retreated back behind the British
pickets.
Merritt noted that the whole engagement had been
watched by the ladies from the windows of John and Peter Ball’s homes.[10]
Mr. John Ball was probably John
Cyrus Ball of the 1st Lincoln Militia who was promoted from
lieutenant to captain sometime in 1813.[11]
Squire Peter Ball was probably Peter
Ball Sr., the father of Ensign Peter Mann Ball Jr. of the 1st
Lincoln.[12]
John Law’s father was Captain George
Lawe of the 1st Lincoln.
George had been imprisoned in Burlington, Vermont, until he was rescued
by Captain John Powell of the Lincoln Artillery. George arrived back in Upper Canada on February
12, 1814.[13]
George’s wife, Eliza, was left
homeless and without an income at the burning of Newark on December 10, 1813.[14]
Captain Merritt also reported that
his father’s house was open to everybody during the campaign and that there
were never less than ten people living in the house.[15]
During the summer, about two thousand
Indigenous people were encamped in the area and held a feast and war dance that
lasted several days. They stole live
stock from the local farmers, terrified the women, and fascinated their
children. It was noted that, other than
the theft of food, the Indigenous people had behaved well.[16]
The Indigenous people encamped at the Ten Mile Creek
troubled the Upper Canadians living in the area. Merritt and most of his troop took up station
there to keep them in check.[17]
After the war, a number of war claims were presented
by Upper Canadians living in the Ten Mile Creek area. Most did not give specific dates but, in
June, Lidia Smith of Thorold Township had a three-year old colt and a single
set of harness taken by Indigenous warriors.[18]
On June 24, 1813, Jacob Hansel of Thorold Township had
a mare taken.[19]
John Bessey Jr., who lived near the creek in Grantham
Township, claimed for the loss of two-year old colt to the warriors in July.[20]
At this time, other claims indicated that the Upper
Canadians were more “troubled” by British troops than by the Indigenous people.
Sometime after midnight, Gilbert Anderson, a farmer of
Niagara Township, was alarmed by a horn being blown at his father’s house
nearby. He immediately went to find his
father, Joseph Anderson, had been severely beaten by some robbers. His mother,
who had sounded the alarm, indicated the direction in which the robbers and
fled. Gilbert followed their traces and
found a small trunk that had been taken from his parent’s home. He found some clothing left in the trunk but
the money that had been hidden in the trunk was gone. The robbers had fled towards the British
encampment at the cross roads. The money
had belonged to Andrew Heron, a merchant of the Town of Niagara.
His daughter, Mary, had been staying with the
Andersons and had heard loud noises below her from her bedroom on the second
floor. From her bedroom window, she had
witnessed 9 or 10 men running across the fields. She had heard them threaten to shoot anyone
who gave the alarm. The next day they heard that a number of men had deserted
from the British camp the same night as the robbery.[21]
In Kingston
The Glengarry Light Infantry Fencibles were ordered to
proceed from Kingston to York by bateaux with regular British units.[22]
July 10,
1813
In England
A letter from London, England to General Sheaffe
reported that His Royal Highness approved the formation of a corps of
volunteers for service and approved giving them land grants, after the war, for
their service.[23]
On the Niagara Frontier
John Bessell of Niagara Township was impressed by the
Americans to help drive four oxen, a cow, a bull, and two heifers from the
property of John Secord of the same township to the house of John Ball.[24]
Joseph Willcocks approached the
Americans and offered to form a corps of Upper Canadian volunteers to fight
alongside them. The Canadian Volunteers
were formed under Willcocks’ command.
By September he had 130 men enlisted
with the Americans offering free land grants.
During the war, 164 men served in this corps.[25]
July 11,
1813
The British
Attacked Black Rock
Lieutenant Colonel Bisshopp
commanded a mixed detachment of men who attacked the American batteries at
Black Rock. This detachment included
about forty men from the 2nd and 3rd Lincoln
Militias. They set out across the Niagara
River at two o’clock in the morning. The
Americans, caught by surprise, retreated to Buffalo as the British
attacked. Stores were taken to the river
before the British set fire to the blockhouses, barracks, navy yard, and a
large schooner. The Americans returned
with a large body of Indigenous warriors and the British returned back across
the river under heavy fire.[26]
Charles Askin wrote of the attack to
his father in Sandwich and reported that a large number of stores had been
captured. About forty men had been
killed, wounded, or were missing.
Colonel Bisshopp was severely wounded while retreating to the boats and
died days later. Lieutenant Colonel
Thomas Clark of the 2nd Lincoln Militia was wounded in the hand.[27]
Dennis Fitzgerald, the Adjutant to
the 41st British Regiment, lost possessions to the Americans at Fort
George in November 21, 1812 and at Fort Erie on May 27, 1813. In the public stores at Black Rock were found
trunks and boxes identified as Fitzgerald’s property. Captain James Fitzgibbon, in charge of
plundering the store, also found a case of liquor which had previously been his. He placed these items in a boat heading back
across the river. When he returned in a
later boat, he discovered that the militia men had carried off his and
Fitzgerald’s property and he was unable to recover their possessions.[28]
The Prize Pay List for those
entitled to a share of the captured supplies included fifteen officers, seven
non-commissioned officers, and thirty-three rank and file of the 2nd
Lincoln Militia.[29]
In Sandwich
The Town of Sandwich was suddenly
evacuated by the British troops and militia.
July 12,
1813
On the Niagara Frontier
James Biggar was taken
prisoner and sent to Pittsfield, Massachusetts.[30]
He was one of twelve men guarding Major Chapin and twenty-eight
of his men captured at Beaver Dams on June 24, 1813. While sailing to Kingston where the Americans
were to be paroled, the guards were overpowered and in turn, taken
prisoner. The two bateaux sailed to Fort
Niagara where they arrived the following morning. The former guards were sent to Plattsburgh
where they were held for several months before they were exchanged and sent to
Kingston. Late in December, Major Chapin
was captured again in Buffalo. His house
and the village were burnt to the ground and he was sent to Nova Scotia where
he remained a prisoner until the war ended.[31]
Near York
Sergeant Daniel McFee and Privates
Robert Lucas, William Rymal, and Henry Huffman were captured by the Americans
between Burlington Heights and the Town of York while serving under Ensign
Daniel Showers of the 5th Lincoln Militia. They escaped from the Americans on January
24, 1814 and returned to Upper Canada on June 24th. They each received 348 days of back pay.[32]
In Glengarry County?
Private James Falkner of the 1st
Glengarry Militia had an accident and received a pension after the war for the
resulting disability.[33]
July 17,
1813
On the Niagara
Frontier
Thomas G. Ridout wrote from St.
David’s that the Americans had advanced to Ball’s fields where they were
engaged by the British and were forced to retreat.[34]
Joseph
Willcocks’ Canadian Volunteers mustered with the Americans for the first time
at Fort George.[35]
July 20,
1813
Captain William H. Merritt recorded
that the British had moved their headquarters to St. David’s prior to the 20th,
while the army was encamped at 4 Mile Creek.
Merritt stayed at Mr. Smith’s where he received excellent meals. Having little to do, he visited the
neighbours, including Miss Nancy, a young lady who was happy to have gentlemen
to tea.[36]
July 24,
1813
An order from St. David’s declared
that crops and livestock abandoned by Upper Canadians who had joined the enemy
were to be consigned to men who would look after these farms, gather in the
crops, and deliver the food supplies to the authorities.[37]
July 26,
1813
Captains of militia companies were
ordered to report the number of cattle available within their muster areas.[38]
George Provost approved payments to Indigenous
warriors for prisoners brought in alive and for injuries or deaths resulting
from battle.[39]
At Fort Wellington at
Prescott
Lieutenant
Alexander Rose of the Incorporated Militia fell during the construction of a
block house and fractured a leg and injured his back. After the war, he received a disability
pension.[40]
[41]
In Kingston
A
General Order was issued at Kingston for compensating Native allies who were
wounded or their wives if they were killed while supporting the British. If a chief lost the use of an eye or received
a wound comparable to the loss of a limb, he was to receive $100.00 per year in
money or gifts. A warrior would receive
$70.00 for the same losses. A chief’s widow
was to receive $200.00 in money or goods and a warrior’s to received $140.00.
In 1815, General
Drummond confirmed that the pensions were to be issued within a months-time.
Odaawaa Chief
Mookomaanish, who had actively supported the British on the western frontier
had been wounded in the leg. He did not
receive his pension in 1815. He appealed
for it in 1829, 1839, and 1850. When the
chief died in 1853, he and other warriors had still not received their promised
pensions.[42]
July 27,
1813
In the Town of Niagara
Captain
John Norton, who had helped command the indigenous warriors at the Battle of
Queenston Heights on October 13, 1812, was married to his indigenous wife
Catherine on this date in Niagara by the Reverend Robert Addison. After the war, Captain Norton travelled in
the area of the south-eastern United States and then returned to Scotland with
Catherine.[43]
In Kingston
July 28,
1813
At Burlington Beach
Commodore Isaac Chauncey anchored
off Burlington Beach with his fleet of thirteen vessels. About 500 men were landed near Brant’s house
but finding the natural and man-made defenses too formidable, they returned to
their ships and sailed on to attack York.[45]
They carried off some livestock,
other supplies, and took a few Upper Canadian prisoners.[46]
July 29,
1813
At Ganonoque
While
Major Heriot and his three companies of Voltigeurs had been ordered to Fort
George, Captain Vigers and a detachment of “invalids” were sent to “Cananocoui”
to man a redoubt there. He reported that
the river had an excellent harbour with twelve to fifteen feet of water and
that the river allowed bateaux to travel about nine miles into the
interior. There were several saw mills
on the “Cananocoui” River at this time.
Several miles up river was the Marble Rocks quarry. Near the garrison at the mouth of the river,
Colonel Joel Stone owned a “fourteen-saw” mill.
Although there was good
fishing and sport to be had in the area, Captain Vigers found himself bored the
remainder of the time. He described his
quarters in his journal. His four-poster
bed, which could “accommodate six with ease”, consisted of four rough planks
nailed to four uprights. His room had
two large window sashes, as did his kitchen, but unfortunately, they were
lacking glass panes. He also lacked four
doors. The kitchen door was stored in
the garret because it lacked hinges. Two
other doors had lost their panels and of the fourth, only the frame
remained. His dark walls were covered
with spider webs and chalk and coal drawings.
This was the last entry
in the transcribed portion of Captain Jacques Vigers journal.[47]
At Fort Meigs,
Michigan
About
this time, General Procter arrived on the Miami River with a British force to
make a second attempt at capturing Fort Meigs.
This force was composed of the 41st Regiment, some militia,
and about 1 000 Indigenous warriors under the command of Tecumseth. They had brought a few pieces of artillery
with them. The British siege of the fort
had failed in May with heavier artillery and this second attempt was based on
Tecumseth’s plan to lure the Americans out of the fort to where they could be
ambushed.
The warriors had landed
below and out of site of the fort, marched through the woods, and took up a
position on the Sandusky Road which ran near the fort. They split into two groups and fired their
arms into the air in a mock battle. It
was hoped that the Americans in the fort would assume that the warriors were
attacking an American force nearby and that they would come out of the fort to
aid their fellow country men. However,
the Americans did not fall for this ruse and the General Procter was unable to
engage them.
Being unprepared to
attack the fort directly, Tecumseth suggested that they find an easier
target. Fort Stephen was selected. While the warriors trekked through the woods,
the British went back down the Miami River to Lake Erie and then up the
Sandusky River to that fort and arrived there on August 1st.[48]
July 30,
1813
In Scarborough
Township
Captain
Stephen Heward of the 3rd York Militia commanded a detachment of ten
men from the 1st and 3rd York Militias, which escorted
prisoners of war from Scarborough Township in the Home District to Newcastle
District and returned to York from July 30th to August 4th.[49]
July 31,
1813
The Americans
Captured York for the Second Time
In York
Michael
Corts and many other men who did not live in the Town of York travelled there
to surrender to the Americans in order to receive a parole which would exempt
them from militia duty.[50]
The Americans freed
prisoners in the York jail. Some had
been found with government property that the Americans had given them in April.[51]
Much of
the government property given to town residents by the Americans during the
April invasion had been confiscated by local magistrates when the control of
the town had returned to the British.
Residents had made a number of complaints to the Americans stationed at
Fort George. When the Americans returned
to York, they posted $500.00 rewards for the capture of Alexander Wood, Quetton
St. George, and William Allan who had all ordered the seizure of goods given
away in April. Fortunately, all three
men had fled the town when the Americans landed.[52]
Isaac
Wilson commended the Americans for making a fair redistribution of wealth in
the area. The British had distributed
farm utensils to favourites while the Americans distributed the captured
utensils more generally.[53]
The Town of York
reported that its population in the last year had dropped from 700 in 1812 to
625, while the population of York Township fell from 756 to 669.[54]
In
Ancaster Township
During the month on Benjamin Smith’s farm, they
cleaned out the well, sowed buckwheat, harried, hoed, and grubbed in the
fields, cut saplings and brush, plowed the corn field, and cleaned wheat.
On
July 3rd, Benjamin took six bushels of wheat to the mill and picked
up sixteen gallons of spirits at the still.
Benjamin visited Kitson’s and Terryberry’s and made a number of
deliveries of wheat to Samuel Hatt’s mill.
Benjamin
mustered with the militia on the 25th and returned home on the 31st. The ink in this section of the diary had
faded and the writing was not legible.
No payroll record for this period of service with the 5th
Lincoln Militia has been found.[55]
Upper Canadian Service Deaths
Albert Hainer, illness, July 2, 1813
Widow Catherine Hainer[56]
Private Asahel Kyes, 1st
Leeds, illness, July 14, 1813
Widow Sarah Kyes[57]
[1] Capt. Wm. H. Merritt,
of the Provincial Light Dragoons, Journal of Events, Principally on the Detroit
and Niagara Frontiers, during the War of 1812, The Historical Society, B.N.A.,
St. Catharines, C.W., 1863, page 35.
[2] The Report of the
Loyal and Patriotic Society of Upper Canada, with an appendix and a list of
subscribers and benefactors, William Gray, Montreal, 1817, pages 58, accessed
on Dec. 14, 2018 at https://dr.library.brocku.ca/handle/10464/4754.
box MU 2192, Ontario Archives, Toronto.
[5] Earnest Alexander
Cruikshank, The Documentary History of the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier
in the Year 1813 Part II, June to August, Part 6, Lundy’s Lane Historical
Society, printed at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1900, online at
www.ourroots.ca, pages 184-185.
[6] Capt. Wm. H. Merritt,
of the Provincial Light Dragoons, Journal of Events, Principally on the Detroit
and Niagara Frontiers, during the War of 1812, The Historical Society, B.N.A.,
St. Catharines, C.W., 1863, pages 36-37.
[7] Earnest Alexander Cruikshank,
The Documentary History of the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier in the Year
1813 Part II, June to August, Part 6, Lundy’s Lane Historical Society, printed
at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1900, pages 189-190, accessed online at
www.ourroots.ca, March 23, 2014.
[8] Collections Canada, War of 1812: Upper Canada Returns, Nominal Rolls and
Paylists, Microfilm t-10384, pages 194-197.
[9] Records of Widows
admitted as Militia Pensioners, accessed June 16, 2016 at http://www.olivetreegenealogy.com/mil/1812/data_widows.shtml
[10] Capt. Wm. H. Merritt,
of the Provincial Light Dragoons, Journal of Events, Principally on the Detroit
and Niagara Frontiers, during the War of 1812, The Historical Society, B.N.A.,
St. Catharines, C.W., 1863, pages 37-38.
[11] L. Homfray Irving,
Officers of the British Forces in Canada during the War of 1812-15, Honorary
Librarian, Canadian Military Institute, Welland Tribune Print, 1908, pages
73-74, at http://ia600204.us.archive.org/19/items/officersbrit00irviri..., accessed March 23,
2014.
[12] L. Homfray Irving,
Officers of the British Forces in Canada during the War of 1812-15, Honorary
Librarian, Canadian Military Institute, Welland Tribune Print, 1908, page 72,
at http://ia600204.us.archive.org/19/items/officersbrit00irviri..., accessed March 23,
2014.
[13] L. Homfray Irving,
Officers of the British Forces in Canada during the War of 1812-15, Honorary
Librarian, Canadian Military Institute, Welland Tribune Print, 1908, pages
72-75, at http://ia600204.us.archive.org/19/items/officersbrit00irviri..., accessed March 23,
2014.
[14] Earnest Alexander
Cruikshank, Documentary History of the Campaign Upon the Niagara Frontier, In
1812-14, Vol. IX, Lundy’s Lane Historical Society, printed at the Tribune
Office, Welland, 1908, page 159, accessed online at www.ourroots.ca on March 23, 2014.
[15] Capt. Wm. H. Merritt,
of the Provincial Light Dragoons, Journal of Events, Principally on the Detroit
and Niagara Frontiers, during the War of 1812, The Historical Society, B.N.A.,
St. Catharines, C.W., 1863, page 39.
[16] T. Roy Woodhouse, The
History of the Town of Dundas, Part 1, Dundas Historical Society, Dundas,
Ontario, 1965, page 24, accessed online at www.ourroots.ca, March 24, 2014.
[17] Capt. Wm. H. Merritt,
of the Provincial Light Dragoons, Journal of Events, Principally on the Detroit
and Niagara Frontiers, during the War of 1812, The Historical Society, B.N.A.,
St. Catharines, C.W., 1863, page 39.
[18] Collections Canada,
War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1136, pages 953-959.
[19] Collections Canada,
War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1143, pages 1012-1013.
[20] Collections Canada,
War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1131, pages 221-225.
[21] Collections Canada,
War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1127, pages 670-673.
[22] The Fife and Drum, The
Newsletter of The Friends of Fort York and Garrison Common, Volume 17, Number
2, June, 2013, page 5.
[23] Earnest Alexander
Cruikshank, The Documentary History of the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier
in the Year 1813 Part II, June to August, Part 6, Lundy’s Lane Historical
Society, printed at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1900, page 214, accessed
online at www.ourroots.ca, March 23, 2014.
[24] Collections Canada,
War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1127, page 1267.
[25] George Sheppard, Plunder, Profit, and
Paroles: A Social History of the War of
1812 in Upper Canada, McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1994, pages 85-86.
[26] Earnest Alexander
Cruikshank, The Documentary History of the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier
in the Year 1813 Part II, June to August, Part 6, Lundy’s Lane Historical
Society, printed at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1900, pages 217-218, accessed
online at www.ourroots.ca, March 23, 2014.
[27] Earnest Alexander
Cruikshank, The Documentary History of the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier
in the Year 1813 Part II, June to August, Part 6, Lundy’s Lane Historical
Society, printed at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1900, pages 204-205, accessed
online at www.ourroots.ca, March 23, 2014.
[28] Collections Canada,
War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1128, pages 798-806.
[29] Earnest Alexander
Cruikshank, The Documentary History of the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier
in the Year 1813 Part II, June to August, Part 6, Lundy’s Lane Historical
Society, printed at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1900, page 221, accessed
online at www.ourroots.ca, March 23, 2014.
[30] David H. Hemmings, War
of 1812, Lincoln Militia, 2012, for the Niagara Historical Society Museum and
the Lincoln and Welland Regiment Museum, page 8.
[31] Whelan, Terry,
Trafalgar Historical Society, 2014.
[32] Collections Canada,
War of 1812: Upper Canada Returns,
Norminal Rolls and Paylists, Microfilm t-10386, pages 1090-1092.
[33] Pension Poster – Casualties, January 1,
1817, Nelles Family Fonds, Ref. Code F 542,
box
MU 2192, Ontario Archives, Toronto.
[34] Earnest Alexander
Cruikshank, The Documentary History of the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier
in the Year 1813 Part II, June to August, Part 6, Lundy’s Lane Historical
Society, printed at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1900, page 255, accessed
online at www.ourroots.ca, March 23, 2014.
[35] Today in History,
Forces of Lord Selkirk Facebook Group, July 17, 2018.
[36] Capt. Wm. H. Merritt,
of the Provincial Light Dragoons, Journal of Events, Principally on the Detroit
and Niagara Frontiers, during the War of 1812, The Historical Society, B.N.A.,
St. Catharines, C.W., 1863, page 39.
[37] Earnest Alexander
Cruikshank, The Documentary History of the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier
in the Year 1813 Part II, June to August, Part 6, Lundy’s Lane Historical
Society, printed at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1900, pages 268-269, accessed
online at www.ourroots.ca, March 23, 2014.
[38] Earnest Alexander
Cruikshank, The Documentary History of the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier
in the Year 1813 Part II, June to August, Part 6, Lundy’s Lane Historical
Society, printed at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1900, page 280, accessed
online at www.ourroots.ca, March 23, 2014.
[39] The Fife and Drum, The
Newsletter of The Friends of Fort York and Garrison Common, Volume 17, Number
2, June, 2013, page 5.
[40] Richard Feltoe,
Redcoated Ploughboys: The Volunteer
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