First Edition Published
September 25, 2015
Second Edition Published August
16, 2016
Third Edition Published August
16, 2018
Copyright by Fred Blair
November 1, 1812
The young ladies of the Town of York
made a banner for the 3rd York Militia. Sometime after the Battle of Queenston
Heights in October, the banner was presented to the regiment at a service at
the newly constructed St. James’ Church.
The regimental colours and standard were blessed by the recently arrived
Reverend John Strachan. Anne Powell
spoke for the ladies and Major William Allan addressed his men.[1]
Militia officers at Fort York were
to call in all men currently on a leave of absence. Four men in each company were then to be
granted leave for six days and on their return the officers were to continually
grant another four men the same leave.[2]
Supplies from Lower Canada were soon
expected at Fort George. The militia men
were commended for bearing the privations of duty on the Niagara Frontier. A shipment of supplies was believed to be
waiting for fair winds in Kingston. The
armistice on the frontier would soon be over and an attack by the Americans was
expected to occur at that time.[3]
November 2, 1812
A Board of Survey was to inspect and
report on the schooner Seneca and the vessel Gloucester at York and their
stores. Commissary Crookshanks was to
give instructions and assistance.[4]
Who was Crookshanks?
November 3, 1812
Lieutenant-Colonel Bisshopp was to
begin an inspection of the militia companies stationed from Queenston to Fort
Erie and then those at Fort George. He
was to inspect equipment, clothing, and the comfort of their quarters. Militia officers were to report on the number
of men under their command, their arms, accoutrements, and ammunition, and any
concerns.[5]
William Wills of Augusta Township,
on the St. Lawrence River near Brockville, presented a bill for furnishing the
Provincial Dragoons and gun boats between July 4th and November 3rd. The supplies delivered to the dragoons
included just over 210 bushels of peas, 336 bushels of oats, over nine thousand
pounds of bran, two and a half tons of hay, leather, thread, scarlet cloth, and
a bear skin. For gun boat repairs he
supplied twenty ox hides, twenty bushels of hair, and twenty-three pounds of
chain. He had also delivered thirteen
loads of forage to Prescott and had one of his bateaux destroyed by orders from
Colonel Fraser.[6]
On the Niagara Frontier, General
Sheaffe reported that the militia required clothing and bedding which he could
not supply, and that this shortage was causing men to desert.[7]
November 4, 1812
The 2nd York was to move
from the church and occupy Mr. Howell’s house in Niagara early in the morning
of the following day.[8]
Where was Mr. Howell’s house?
November 5, 1812
Any militia men absent from the York
Garrison or absent twenty-four hours after their pass had expired were to be
struck off their companies muster and were to be recorded as “deserted.”
Quarter Master Charles Baynes of the
3rd York Militia was to immediately go to Mr. Hewett in town and
bring back nine stand of arms which were to be available at parade the
following morning for any officers who had applied for additional arms for
their companies.
It was expected that the
preparations in place and being completed would be sufficient to not only
resist but defeat any attempt the enemy might make upon Fort York. If a cannonade was fired from the telegraph,
the whole garrison was to immediately be armed.[9]
One tenth of the militia men in each
company stationed at Fort George were to be trained in firing the fort’s
batteries and field guns. They were to
be freed from other duties and to receive an extra half shilling per day. Officers were to ask for volunteers for this
service and if they needed additional men they were to draw ballots.[10]
November 6, 1812
The guard detail for the day at the
York Garrison was twenty-one men at the barrack guard, eight at the block
house, four at the schooner Gloucester, four at the gaol, four on the island,
four at the telegraph, and two dragoons on patrol.
The cavalry patrol was to ride to
both Don River bridges but they were not to make their patrol at the same time
as the grand or visiting rounds. Captain
Button was to parade the whole of his detachment morning and evening on the right
of the other militia.[11]
November 7, 1812
At Fort York, the island and
telegraph guards were to be relieved once a week. One of the cavalry patrol was to collect
their reports daily and deliver them to the barrack guard.[12]
The Kingston Gazette reported that
McCuniffe & Prendergaft were offering a $20.00 reward to anyone who could
identify the person who had stolen a piece of blue broadcloth from their shop
on October 27th.[13]
November 8, 1812
Sergeant Wallace and three privates
were to be removed from duty at the York Garrison so that they could work at
repairing the roads from the garrison to the town.[14]
November 9, 1812
Sheaffe ordered men claiming an
exemption from militia service because they were Americans to report to a local
board and offer proof of their citizenship.
If the proof was accepted the men and their families would be escorted
to the boarder where they would be allowed to return to the United States. If they had not provided proof of American
citizenship by January 1, 1813 they would be declared an enemy and would be
subject to arrest as a prisoner of war or as a spy.
Those suspected of being Americans
were sometimes disarmed and watched.
Some were harassed by Upper Canadians, the British regulars, and Indian
warriors. Sheaffe eventually had to
allow some exceptions as some of these men were wealthy while others knew too
much about the military defences in the province.[15]
Seven vessels under the command of
the American Commodore Isaac Chauncey surprised the British ship, Royal George,
near the Bay of Quinte and gave pursuit but the Royal George eluded them and
made it safely to harbour in Kingston.
The Royal George was the largest warship on the lake at that time.[16]
November 10, 1812
After having lost their opportunity
to capture the Royal George the American fleet anchored off the Village of
Ernestown, later called Bath. Upon
observing the fleet and fearing that they intended to capture his schooner
sitting in the bay, Benjamin Fairfield cut its rigging to render it incapable
of sailing. A small boat came ashore
under a flag of truce and demanded that the schooner be handed over to the
American fleet or the Americans would burn the village. Benjamin Fairfield, the owner of the vessel,
gave it up to the Americans who set it on fire and destroyed it.
John George, a seaman, and Peter
Davey, an innkeeper, both of the village, later certified Mr. Fairfield’s war
claim for the loss of his schooner.[17]
The Town of Kingston was alerted
that seven American vessels were approaching.
Avenues in the town were occupied by armed troops and militia to prevent
an invasion. By nightfall the town was
full of armed men, including some veteran Loyalists who had come in from the
country side.
The Kingston Gazette reported that one man on the Royal George had
been killed while that vessel was engaged by the Americans.[18]
Clothing supplies for the militia
had arrived on the Niagara Frontier.
Militia officers were to issue clothing to the flank companies first and
any remainder could then be issued to other companies under their command.[19]
The
men of the Militia Flank Companies each received one pair of pantaloons, one
pair of shoes or two pair of shoe-packs, one jacket, shirts, and stockings for
which they had to pay. This clothing
consisted of a green jacket with red cuffs, a collar, and whitelows, blue gunmouth
trousers, and a felt regulation cap.
Each man was given a blanket which was to be returned when he was sent
home.[20]
November 11, 1812
Militia men serving in the 4th Division were
to be asked to volunteer for duty as wood cutters. They would be exempt from other duties but
were to sleep in their regular quarters.
Planks, boards, and nails required for tables and forms in the barracks
rooms were to be requisitioned.[21]
The inspection of the militia companies on the Niagara
Frontier had revealed that there were many absent men. Notice was given that any absent man who
returned to duty immediately would not be prosecuted. Officers were to apprehend any men reluctant
to return to duty.[22]
Captain James Richardson Sr., of Cramahe Township in
Northumberland County, declared that he had been the master of the schooner
General Simcoe when it was attacked by an American squadron on this day. He was sailing from Niagara on his way to the
Town of York when a gale began to blow. His
schooner was off the Port of York at about 7 o’clock in the evening when he
observed that there was no light lit at the lighthouse. He fired a gun to alert the lighthouse keeper
but there was no response. As the gale
was increasing he decided it was unsafe to attempt to enter the harbour in the
dark and headed back out into the lake towards Kingston.
South of Kingston, near Duck Island, he encountered an
American squadron, composed of the Brig Oneida and five schooners, which was
positioned between his schooner and Kingston.
Captain Richardson decided to sail through them. The General Simcoe was struck several times
by cannon fire before reaching Kingston.
One shot had caused damage below the water line and the schooner was
sinking as it entered the harbour.
Fortunately, the captain was able to make to the wharf. The goods he was transporting for Donald
McArthur, a merchant in the Town of York, were water damaged in the hold of his
vessel but were unloaded immediately.
Some containers had swollen with water and had burst open. The loaf sugar was completely lost but some
of the tea in the center of each of the three chests was saved. A cask of coffee was opened and dried on the
floor of the warehouse. Buttons, thread,
ribbons, and other goods were also dried but the colours had faded and were otherwise
damaged. The weather in Kingston was not
favourable for drying at the time. When
dry, the goods were repacked for shipment to York, but not in the orderly
fashion in which they had been shipped originally.
The General Simcoe was to be unrigged with other vessels
as it was feared that it was too risky to attempt to try to cross Lake Ontario
while the Americans were actively patrolling the lake and the British did not
have the fire power to challenge them.
The Americans had taken the sloop Elizabeth and the schooner Mary
Hatt. It was feared that a 36-gun
frigate was about to be launched by the Americans at Sacket’s Harbour in a few
days.
Joseph Forsyth & Co. advised Donald McArthur that
they could ship his goods from Kingston by sleigh over the winter but suggested
it might be cheaper for him to send sleighs from York to pick up the goods, as
their company sleighs were committed to shipping goods to Niagara and they
suspected that there would be a heavy demand for sleighs in Kingston, with the
lake closed for transport.
Mr. McArthur attempted to sue Joseph Forsyth & Co.,
but they pointed out that his goods had been shipped at his own risk and that
no blame for the loss could be attributed to the captain’s decisions not to
enter the harbour at York. Donald
McArthur had noted that if the captain had sailed from Niagara with the vessel
Elizabeth a few hours earlier, he would have avoided encountering the American
squadron. However, Captain Richardson
reported that he had still been unloading at Niagara at that time and had
sailed about an hour after unloading his cargo.
Although he had arrived at Niagara on Saturday, he could not have
unloaded on Sunday as it was a day of rest and the weather on Monday had been
too wet to unload.
After the war, Donald McArthur made a war loss claim for
his lost sugar and tea. He had paid
$30.00 per load to have eight sleigh loads of the goods off the General Simcoe
transported from Kingston to York for a total cost of 60 pounds. He suffered additional losses from his
warehouse when the Americans captured the Town of York in April, 1813 and a
shipment of goods lost before it arrived in Kingston in October of 1814.[23]
November 12, 1812
A treaty between the British and
Americans was signed concerning the paroling of prisoners. They were each to keep lists of prisoners who
had been paroled. If an exchange of paroles
was arranged the formerly paroled men would be free to engage their enemies
again. There was a graded system for
exchanging men of different ranks. Two
privates were the equal of one sergeant.[24]
John Stevens of Bertie Township
reported that Captain Bartlett, of the 49th Regiment, had taken his
canoe to be used in capturing an American boat and never returned it.[25]
Henry Murney of Kingston had his 7-ton
sloop, the Elizabeth, taken into service and armed by the British. On this day, the vessel, commanded by Captain
Brock, was captured by the Americans. On
board was baggage belonging to the late Brigadier General Isaac Brock. The sloop was later sold for 750 pounds at
Sacket’s Harbour.[26]
The November 17th
Kingston Gazette reported that the Elizabeth had sailed from the Town of York
in a British convoy and was captured by the Julia, one of several American
vessels sailing near Kingston, on Lake Ontario.[27]
Another of Henry’s vessels, the Prince Edward, was taken into
service in 1813, but found to have a rotting bottom. The naval service decided not to purchase the
vessel and it was retired in the Bateau Channel.[28]
Captain James Henry Murney arrived
in Kingston in 1794 from England to take command of the merchant schooner,
Governor Simcoe, which had been built in Kingston that year. Prior to the war, he married Catherine
Smyth. About 1801, Henry had his own schooner,
the Prince Edward, constructed of red cedar.[29]
The captain of the day at the York
Garrison was to select a picket of one sergeant and fifteen men that were to be
turned out in the event of a fire, an alarm, or a riot. In the event of a fire, all the men off duty
in the garrison were to fall in at parade in their fatigue dress. Some of the picket men were to be ordered to
the location of the fire while others were to gather the engines and buckets
before proceeding to the fire. A bucket
line was to be formed to the nearest source of water.[30]
November 13, 1812
The Lincoln and York Militias
present at the Battle of Queenston Heights were to report their killed,
wounded, and missing men from that engagement.[31]
On the Niagara Frontier, militia men
were asked to volunteer for employment as tailors in order to make militia
clothing.[32]
At the York Garrison, a mounted
dragoon was to be stationed at Mr. Cornell’s each day.[33]
Who was Mr. Cornell and where was
his place?
November 14, 1812
Orders had earlier been given that
any militia man receiving clothing was to pay for that gear. In consideration of the wear and tear on the
men’s clothing in performing their duties prior to the receipt of the new
clothing, that new clothing was to be free of charge. There was to be no charge for one pair of
grey trousers, one pair of shoes or two shoepacks, or one jacket. There was a shortage of material for jackets
and waistcoats and officers were permitted to substitute other articles at no
cost to the men. Flannel shirts,
stockings, and other items were still to be paid for. Each man on the frontier was to receive a
blanket and some barrack bedding.
Blankets and great coats issued were public property and not to be worn
if a man was off duty.[34]
November 15, 1812
Captain Thomas Hamilton and Sergeant
Edward McBride of the 3rd York Militia were to present reports to a
Regimental Count of Enquiry regarding complaints about the bread due the men
from the Quarter Master. Captain Samuel
Ridout would act as president and be assisted by Ensigns Daniel Brooks and Andrew
Mercer. The Quarter Master would be
compelled to attend.[35]
A Regimental Order about bread
rations was issued the following day.
November 16, 1812
At the York Garrison the bread days
were to be Wednesday and Saturday. On
Wednesdays, each militia man was to receive a four-pound loaf of bread. On Saturdays, the loaf was to be five pounds
and two ounces. The additional weight
was in lieu of the rice ration. The
Quarter Master was to deliver a return of the number of loaves required to the
baker, Mr. Jordan, each Tuesday and Friday.[36]
Who was Mr. Jordan?
A 1st Lincoln Flank
Company was to parade on the following day at the funeral of Lieutenant Colonel
Jean Baptiste Rousseaux. Each man was to
have three rounds of blank cartridges.
Off duty militia men were requested to attend the funeral.[37]
November 17, 1812
Officers attending a Court of
Enquiry at the York Garrison the following day were to bring their Regimental
Account Books, a copy of the Pay Lists, their Provision Return Books, and their
Orderly Books. The Quarter Master was to
bring his books as well.[38]
November 18, 1812
Three officers of the 1st
Lincoln, each accompanied by a sergeant or private, were to journey into the
country and bring to Fort George any militia men without a pass that they
encountered.[39]
November 20, 1812
In Lower Canada, a company of
forty-five Voyagers under the command of Captain McDonell were surprised by the
Americans and taken prisoner at St. Regis.
Three were killed, four wounded, and seven escaped. The Kingston Gazette reported that the Americans
stripped the dead of their possessions and took money and clothing from the
children. The prisoners were taken to
Plattsburgh.[40]
On December 1st, the
Gazette reported that on the night of the 20th a party of Stormont
and Glengarry Militia with the Glengarry Fencibles crossed over to St. Regis
and captured a troop of Americans stationed there. They were the same men who had earlier
captured Captain McDonell’s party. None
of the British were injured but at least two Americans had been killed. The Glengarry Militia escorted the American
prisoners to Montreal.[41]
November 22, 1812
There was an exchange of gun fire
between Fort George and Fort Niagara.
Captain Cameron of the militia artillery was commended for service on
the 24-pounder on the left.[42]
The Reverend John Strachan chaired a
meeting at York to discuss raising money to buy needed supplies for militiamen
on the front. During the meeting the
Loyal and Patriotic Society of Upper Canada was formed to aid militiamen and
take on other war related projects. Relief
was to be given to families in distress, pensions were to be given to men
disabled while on duty, and medals were to be given to deserving men.
Among the directors of the society
were Chief Justice Thomas Scott, Thomas Ridout, fifty-eight years old, William
Powell, fifty-seven, Alexander Wood, forty, and John Strachan, thirty-four.[43]
By the end of the war the society
had helped only forty-seven people and spent under one thousand pounds. In 1813, seventy percent of the funds were
given to people in the Home District, an area that suffered only minor
losses. The Niagara District had about a
third of the losses in the province but only received eleven percent of the
societies donations.[44]
This unequal treatment caused
resentment between districts in Upper Canada.
On the Niagara Frontier, General
Sheaffe reported that the number of militia men on duty had increased. As well as offering incentives to deserters,
he had ordered officers to perform three roll calls per day and for squads to
be sent out to find those absent. Samuel
Street Sr. had been appointed to replace the militia paymaster and to ensure
that militia men were paid promptly at the end of each payroll period.
However, illnesses resulting from
poor hygiene and a shortage of basic supplies like tents and blankets limited
the number of men fit for duty. Eleven
men died of illness in November and at least twenty-eight in December.[45]
November 24, 1812
Captain James Durand’s 5th
Lincoln and Captain William Applegarth’s 2nd York Flank Companies
were to return to Fort George. Militia
officers were to remind their men about the order not to fire across the
Niagara River without orders.[46]
At the York Garrison, Lieutenant Eli
Playter was to assume command of Captain Thomas Hamilton’s Company 3rd
York Militia until Captain John Beverley Robinson could assume command.
Captain John Cameron’s and Captain
Robinson’s Companies were to move into the block house in order to make room
for the Newfoundland Regiment.
A Return of the names of carpenters,
blacksmiths, tailors, shoemakers, and other trades was to be given to the
company captains.[47]
November 25, 1812
Captain John Smith of the 5th
Lincoln Militia commanded a company until December 16th. Forty-three of his fifty-seven men deserted
and his ensign was absent without leave.[48]
Captain John Lottridge of the 5th
Lincoln Militia commanded another company until December 16th. He had seventy-nine of his eighty-seven men
desert. The captain was ill at the time
and died during this payroll period.[49]
November 29, 1812
Americans Crossed the Niagara River
at Frenchman’s Creek
Captain William H. Merritt wrote
that hostilities would soon recommence on the Niagara Frontier and that the
militia were ordered out in the expectation of an immediate American attack.[50]
Early in the morning, firing was
heard at Chippawa and a detachment immediately marched towards the town with
the militia artillery and a light six-pounder.
Captain Hamilton’s 2nd Lincoln Militia Company marched with
the regular infantry. On the way to
Chippawa they met additional regulars and Major Richard Hatt with his 5th
Lincoln Militia detachment.
At about two o’clock in the morning
about 400 Americans, many of them sailors, crossed the Niagara River and landed
at the Red House where they captured the British batteries. Lieutenant Bryson of the militia artillery
had managed to spike one of the guns before it was taken by the Americans. Captain John Bostwick marched his Norfolk
militia men from the ferry towards the batteries but was forced to retreat
before a superior force. As the regular
British Infantry and militia regiments arrived to reinforce the British
position more Americans were observed crossing the river. The British fired upon the boats and they
retreated behind Squaw Island. The
Americans who had landed earlier continued to fire on the British line until
about one o’clock when they demanded the surrender of Fort Erie.[51]
The casualty report for the
engagement included a sergeant in the militia artillery wounded, a sergeant
killed, Captain John Bostwick wounded slightly, Lieutenant Ryerson wounded
severely, and eight rank and file wounded, and two rank and file missing in the
1st Norfolk, and in the 2nd Norfolk, one rank and filed
killed, seven rank and file wounded, and four rank and file missing.[52]
November 30, 1812
Lieutenant Colonel Johnson Butler, of
the 4th Lincoln Militia, requested permission from Lieutenant
Colonel Myers, at Fort George, to send Ensign Francis Crooks home. Members of his family were sick and he was
needed there to care for them. Johnson
noted that Francis was so hard of hearing that he was of little use.[53]
Francis received his commission as
an ensign on October 12, 1812.[54]
In the first quarter of 1813,
Francis acquired a shop license in the District of Niagara.[55]
He may have been the first
proprietor of a general store in Grimsby.[56]
Benjamin Smith of Ancaster
Township did not make any diary entries for this month until November 28th
as he had been away from home serving in the 5th Lincoln Militia. He had heard the cannons begin firing on
Black Rock at two o’clock in the morning and continue firing all day. Captain John Smith’s militia company spent
the night in the woods. The following
day they marched back to Oliver Mall’s and spent the night there. On the 30th they moved to Peter
Wintermooth’s and remained there until December 9th.
Peter
Wintermute was living in Bertie Township.[57]
[1] Dorothy Duncan, Hoping for the Best, Preparing for
the Worst, Dundurn, Toronto, 2012, pages 172-173.
[2] Captain Samuel Ridout’s Order Book, page 40,
Reference RG8-1, Microfilm C-3519,
Accessed Feb. 9, 2017 at
http://data2.archives.ca/e/e435/e010869208.pdf
[3] Earnest Alexander
Cruikshank, The Documentary History of
the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier, Part 4, Lundy’s Lane Historical
Society, printed at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1900, page 174, at
www.ourroots.ca, accessed Jan. 16, 2014.
[4] Captain Samuel Ridout’s Order Book, pages 41-42,
Reference RG8-1, Microfilm C-3519,
Accessed Feb. 9, 2017 at http://data2.archives.ca/e/e435/e010869208.pdf
[5] Earnest Alexander
Cruikshank, The Documentary History of
the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier, Part 4, Lundy’s Lane Historical
Society, printed at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1900, page 178, at www.ourroots.ca,
accessed Jan. 16, 2014.
[7] George Sheppard, Plunder, Profit, and Paroles: A
Social History of the War of 1812 in Upper Canada, McGill-Queen’s University
Press, 1994, page 62.
[8] Earnest Alexander
Cruikshank, The Documentary History of
the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier, Part 4, Lundy’s Lane Historical
Society, printed at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1900, page 182, at
www.ourroots.ca, accessed Jan. 16, 2014.
[9] Captain Samuel Ridout’s Order Book, pages 46-47,
Reference RG8-1, Microfilm C-3519,
Accessed Feb. 9, 2017 at
http://data2.archives.ca/e/e435/e010869208.pdf
[10] Earnest Alexander
Cruikshank, The Documentary History of
the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier, Part 4, Lundy’s Lane Historical
Society, printed at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1900, pages 183-184, at
www.ourroots.ca, accessed Jan. 16, 2014.
[11] Captain Samuel Ridout’s Order Book, pages 48-49,
Reference RG8-1, Microfilm C-3519,
Accessed Feb. 9, 2017 at
http://data2.archives.ca/e/e435/e010869208.pdf
[12] Captain Samuel Ridout’s Order Book, page 49, Reference
RG8-1, Microfilm C-3519,
Accessed Feb. 9, 2017 at
http://data2.archives.ca/e/e435/e010869208.pdf
[13] Kingston Gazette, accessed May 24, 2016 at http://vitacollections.ca/digital-kingston/96884/page/3
[14] Captain Samuel Ridout’s Order Book, page 50, Reference
RG8-1, Microfilm C-3519,
Accessed Feb. 9, 2017 at http://data2.archives.ca/e/e435/e010869208.pdf
[15] George Sheppard, Plunder, Profit, and Paroles: A
Social History of the War of 1812 in Upper Canada, McGill-Queen’s University
Press, 1994, pages 61-62.
[16] HMS Royal George (1809), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Royal_George_(1809),
accessed March 4, 2016.
[18] Kingston Gazette, accessed May 26, 2016 at http://vitacollections.ca/digital-kingston/96885/page/2
[19] Earnest Alexander
Cruikshank, The Documentary History of
the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier, Part 4, Lundy’s Lane Historical
Society, printed at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1900, page 201, at
www.ourroots.ca, accessed Jan. 16, 2014.
[21] Earnest Alexander
Cruikshank, The Documentary History of
the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier, Part 4, Lundy’s Lane Historical
Society, printed at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1900, page 202, at
www.ourroots.ca, accessed Jan. 16, 2014.
[22] Earnest Alexander
Cruikshank, The Documentary History of
the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier, Part 4, Lundy’s Lane Historical
Society, printed at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1900, page 208, at
www.ourroots.ca, accessed Jan. 16, 2014.
[24] George Sheppard,
Plunder, Profit, and Paroles: A Social
History of the War of 1812 in Upper Canada, McGill-Queen’s University Press,
1994, page 79.
[27] Kingston Gazette, http://images.maritimehistoryofthegreatlakes.ca/1917/data,
accessed Dec. 2, 2015.
[29] Susanna McLeod, Murney a Towering Figure of Early
Kinsgon, The Whig, March 19, 2013, accessed on Dec. 1, 2015 at http://www.thewhig.com/2013/03/19/murney-a-towering-figure-of-early-kingston
[30] Captain Samuel Ridout’s Order Book, page 53, Reference
RG8-1, Microfilm C-3519,
Accessed Feb. 9, 2017 at
http://data2.archives.ca/e/e435/e010869208.pdf
[31] Earnest Alexander
Cruikshank, The Documentary History of
the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier, Part 4, Lundy’s Lane Historical
Society, printed at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1900, page 207, at
www.ourroots.ca, accessed Jan. 16, 2014.
[32] Earnest Alexander
Cruikshank, The Documentary History of
the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier, Part 4, Lundy’s Lane Historical
Society, printed at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1900, page 210, at
www.ourroots.ca, accessed Jan. 16, 2014.
[33] Captain Samuel Ridout’s Order Book, pages 54-55,
Reference RG8-1, Microfilm C-3519,
Accessed Feb. 9, 2017 at
http://data2.archives.ca/e/e435/e010869208.pdf
[34] Earnest Alexander
Cruikshank, The Documentary History of
the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier, Part 4, Lundy’s Lane Historical
Society, printed at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1900, pages 211-212, at
www.ourroots.ca, accessed Jan. 16, 2014.
[35] Captain Samuel Ridout’s Order Book, page 57, Reference
RG8-1, Microfilm C-3519,
Accessed Feb. 9, 2017 at
http://data2.archives.ca/e/e435/e010869208.pdf
[36] Captain Samuel Ridout’s Order Book, page 58, Reference
RG8-1, Microfilm C-3519,
Accessed Feb. 9, 2017 at
http://data2.archives.ca/e/e435/e010869208.pdf
[37] Earnest Alexander
Cruikshank, The Documentary History of
the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier, Part 4, Lundy’s Lane Historical
Society, printed at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1900, page 215, at
www.ourroots.ca, accessed Jan. 16, 2014.
[38] Captain Samuel Ridout’s Order Book, page 59, Reference
RG8-1, Microfilm C-3519,
Accessed Feb. 9, 2017 at http://data2.archives.ca/e/e435/e010869208.pdf
[39] Earnest Alexander
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