November 1812 Stories

First Edition Published September 25, 2015
Second Edition Published August 16, 2016
Third Edition Published August 16, 2018
Copyright by Fred Blair

November 1, 1812

            The young ladies of the Town of York made a banner for the 3rd York Militia.  Sometime after the Battle of Queenston Heights in October, the banner was presented to the regiment at a service at the newly constructed St. James’ Church.  The regimental colours and standard were blessed by the recently arrived Reverend John Strachan.  Anne Powell spoke for the ladies and Major William Allan addressed his men.[1] 

            Militia officers at Fort York were to call in all men currently on a leave of absence.  Four men in each company were then to be granted leave for six days and on their return the officers were to continually grant another four men the same leave.[2] 

            Supplies from Lower Canada were soon expected at Fort George.  The militia men were commended for bearing the privations of duty on the Niagara Frontier.  A shipment of supplies was believed to be waiting for fair winds in Kingston.  The armistice on the frontier would soon be over and an attack by the Americans was expected to occur at that time.[3]

November 2, 1812

            A Board of Survey was to inspect and report on the schooner Seneca and the vessel Gloucester at York and their stores.  Commissary Crookshanks was to give instructions and assistance.[4]
            Who was Crookshanks?

November 3, 1812

            Lieutenant-Colonel Bisshopp was to begin an inspection of the militia companies stationed from Queenston to Fort Erie and then those at Fort George.  He was to inspect equipment, clothing, and the comfort of their quarters.  Militia officers were to report on the number of men under their command, their arms, accoutrements, and ammunition, and any concerns.[5]

            William Wills of Augusta Township, on the St. Lawrence River near Brockville, presented a bill for furnishing the Provincial Dragoons and gun boats between July 4th and November 3rd.  The supplies delivered to the dragoons included just over 210 bushels of peas, 336 bushels of oats, over nine thousand pounds of bran, two and a half tons of hay, leather, thread, scarlet cloth, and a bear skin.  For gun boat repairs he supplied twenty ox hides, twenty bushels of hair, and twenty-three pounds of chain.  He had also delivered thirteen loads of forage to Prescott and had one of his bateaux destroyed by orders from Colonel Fraser.[6]

            On the Niagara Frontier, General Sheaffe reported that the militia required clothing and bedding which he could not supply, and that this shortage was causing men to desert.[7]

November 4, 1812

            The 2nd York was to move from the church and occupy Mr. Howell’s house in Niagara early in the morning of the following day.[8]
            Where was Mr. Howell’s house?

November 5, 1812

            Any militia men absent from the York Garrison or absent twenty-four hours after their pass had expired were to be struck off their companies muster and were to be recorded as “deserted.”
            Quarter Master Charles Baynes of the 3rd York Militia was to immediately go to Mr. Hewett in town and bring back nine stand of arms which were to be available at parade the following morning for any officers who had applied for additional arms for their companies.
            It was expected that the preparations in place and being completed would be sufficient to not only resist but defeat any attempt the enemy might make upon Fort York.  If a cannonade was fired from the telegraph, the whole garrison was to immediately be armed.[9]

            One tenth of the militia men in each company stationed at Fort George were to be trained in firing the fort’s batteries and field guns.  They were to be freed from other duties and to receive an extra half shilling per day.  Officers were to ask for volunteers for this service and if they needed additional men they were to draw ballots.[10]



November 6, 1812

            The guard detail for the day at the York Garrison was twenty-one men at the barrack guard, eight at the block house, four at the schooner Gloucester, four at the gaol, four on the island, four at the telegraph, and two dragoons on patrol.
            The cavalry patrol was to ride to both Don River bridges but they were not to make their patrol at the same time as the grand or visiting rounds.  Captain Button was to parade the whole of his detachment morning and evening on the right of the other militia.[11]

November 7, 1812

            At Fort York, the island and telegraph guards were to be relieved once a week.  One of the cavalry patrol was to collect their reports daily and deliver them to the barrack guard.[12]

            The Kingston Gazette reported that McCuniffe & Prendergaft were offering a $20.00 reward to anyone who could identify the person who had stolen a piece of blue broadcloth from their shop on October 27th.[13]

November 8, 1812

            Sergeant Wallace and three privates were to be removed from duty at the York Garrison so that they could work at repairing the roads from the garrison to the town.[14]

November 9, 1812

            Sheaffe ordered men claiming an exemption from militia service because they were Americans to report to a local board and offer proof of their citizenship.  If the proof was accepted the men and their families would be escorted to the boarder where they would be allowed to return to the United States.  If they had not provided proof of American citizenship by January 1, 1813 they would be declared an enemy and would be subject to arrest as a prisoner of war or as a spy.
            Those suspected of being Americans were sometimes disarmed and watched.  Some were harassed by Upper Canadians, the British regulars, and Indian warriors.  Sheaffe eventually had to allow some exceptions as some of these men were wealthy while others knew too much about the military defences in the province.[15]
           
            Seven vessels under the command of the American Commodore Isaac Chauncey surprised the British ship, Royal George, near the Bay of Quinte and gave pursuit but the Royal George eluded them and made it safely to harbour in Kingston.  The Royal George was the largest warship on the lake at that time.[16]

November 10, 1812

            After having lost their opportunity to capture the Royal George the American fleet anchored off the Village of Ernestown, later called Bath.  Upon observing the fleet and fearing that they intended to capture his schooner sitting in the bay, Benjamin Fairfield cut its rigging to render it incapable of sailing.  A small boat came ashore under a flag of truce and demanded that the schooner be handed over to the American fleet or the Americans would burn the village.  Benjamin Fairfield, the owner of the vessel, gave it up to the Americans who set it on fire and destroyed it.
            John George, a seaman, and Peter Davey, an innkeeper, both of the village, later certified Mr. Fairfield’s war claim for the loss of his schooner.[17]

            The Town of Kingston was alerted that seven American vessels were approaching.  Avenues in the town were occupied by armed troops and militia to prevent an invasion.  By nightfall the town was full of armed men, including some veteran Loyalists who had come in from the country side.
The Kingston Gazette reported that one man on the Royal George had been killed while that vessel was engaged by the Americans.[18]
           
            Clothing supplies for the militia had arrived on the Niagara Frontier.  Militia officers were to issue clothing to the flank companies first and any remainder could then be issued to other companies under their command.[19]

            The men of the Militia Flank Companies each received one pair of pantaloons, one pair of shoes or two pair of shoe-packs, one jacket, shirts, and stockings for which they had to pay.  This clothing consisted of a green jacket with red cuffs, a collar, and whitelows, blue gunmouth trousers, and a felt regulation cap.  Each man was given a blanket which was to be returned when he was sent home.[20] 

November 11, 1812

            Militia men serving in the 4th Division were to be asked to volunteer for duty as wood cutters.  They would be exempt from other duties but were to sleep in their regular quarters.  Planks, boards, and nails required for tables and forms in the barracks rooms were to be requisitioned.[21]

            The inspection of the militia companies on the Niagara Frontier had revealed that there were many absent men.  Notice was given that any absent man who returned to duty immediately would not be prosecuted.  Officers were to apprehend any men reluctant to return to duty.[22]

            Captain James Richardson Sr., of Cramahe Township in Northumberland County, declared that he had been the master of the schooner General Simcoe when it was attacked by an American squadron on this day.  He was sailing from Niagara on his way to the Town of York when a gale began to blow.  His schooner was off the Port of York at about 7 o’clock in the evening when he observed that there was no light lit at the lighthouse.  He fired a gun to alert the lighthouse keeper but there was no response.  As the gale was increasing he decided it was unsafe to attempt to enter the harbour in the dark and headed back out into the lake towards Kingston.
            South of Kingston, near Duck Island, he encountered an American squadron, composed of the Brig Oneida and five schooners, which was positioned between his schooner and Kingston.  Captain Richardson decided to sail through them.  The General Simcoe was struck several times by cannon fire before reaching Kingston.  One shot had caused damage below the water line and the schooner was sinking as it entered the harbour. 
            Fortunately, the captain was able to make to the wharf.  The goods he was transporting for Donald McArthur, a merchant in the Town of York, were water damaged in the hold of his vessel but were unloaded immediately.  Some containers had swollen with water and had burst open.  The loaf sugar was completely lost but some of the tea in the center of each of the three chests was saved.  A cask of coffee was opened and dried on the floor of the warehouse.  Buttons, thread, ribbons, and other goods were also dried but the colours had faded and were otherwise damaged.  The weather in Kingston was not favourable for drying at the time.  When dry, the goods were repacked for shipment to York, but not in the orderly fashion in which they had been shipped originally.
            The General Simcoe was to be unrigged with other vessels as it was feared that it was too risky to attempt to try to cross Lake Ontario while the Americans were actively patrolling the lake and the British did not have the fire power to challenge them.  The Americans had taken the sloop Elizabeth and the schooner Mary Hatt.  It was feared that a 36-gun frigate was about to be launched by the Americans at Sacket’s Harbour in a few days.
            Joseph Forsyth & Co. advised Donald McArthur that they could ship his goods from Kingston by sleigh over the winter but suggested it might be cheaper for him to send sleighs from York to pick up the goods, as their company sleighs were committed to shipping goods to Niagara and they suspected that there would be a heavy demand for sleighs in Kingston, with the lake closed for transport.
            Mr. McArthur attempted to sue Joseph Forsyth & Co., but they pointed out that his goods had been shipped at his own risk and that no blame for the loss could be attributed to the captain’s decisions not to enter the harbour at York.  Donald McArthur had noted that if the captain had sailed from Niagara with the vessel Elizabeth a few hours earlier, he would have avoided encountering the American squadron.  However, Captain Richardson reported that he had still been unloading at Niagara at that time and had sailed about an hour after unloading his cargo.  Although he had arrived at Niagara on Saturday, he could not have unloaded on Sunday as it was a day of rest and the weather on Monday had been too wet to unload.
            After the war, Donald McArthur made a war loss claim for his lost sugar and tea.  He had paid $30.00 per load to have eight sleigh loads of the goods off the General Simcoe transported from Kingston to York for a total cost of 60 pounds.  He suffered additional losses from his warehouse when the Americans captured the Town of York in April, 1813 and a shipment of goods lost before it arrived in Kingston in October of 1814.[23]

November 12, 1812

            A treaty between the British and Americans was signed concerning the paroling of prisoners.  They were each to keep lists of prisoners who had been paroled.  If an exchange of paroles was arranged the formerly paroled men would be free to engage their enemies again.  There was a graded system for exchanging men of different ranks.  Two privates were the equal of one sergeant.[24]

            John Stevens of Bertie Township reported that Captain Bartlett, of the 49th Regiment, had taken his canoe to be used in capturing an American boat and never returned it.[25]

            Henry Murney of Kingston had his 7-ton sloop, the Elizabeth, taken into service and armed by the British.  On this day, the vessel, commanded by Captain Brock, was captured by the Americans.  On board was baggage belonging to the late Brigadier General Isaac Brock.  The sloop was later sold for 750 pounds at Sacket’s Harbour.[26]
            The November 17th Kingston Gazette reported that the Elizabeth had sailed from the Town of York in a British convoy and was captured by the Julia, one of several American vessels sailing near Kingston, on Lake Ontario.[27]
Another of Henry’s vessels, the Prince Edward, was taken into service in 1813, but found to have a rotting bottom.  The naval service decided not to purchase the vessel and it was retired in the Bateau Channel.[28]
            Captain James Henry Murney arrived in Kingston in 1794 from England to take command of the merchant schooner, Governor Simcoe, which had been built in Kingston that year.  Prior to the war, he married Catherine Smyth.  About 1801, Henry had his own schooner, the Prince Edward, constructed of red cedar.[29]

            The captain of the day at the York Garrison was to select a picket of one sergeant and fifteen men that were to be turned out in the event of a fire, an alarm, or a riot.  In the event of a fire, all the men off duty in the garrison were to fall in at parade in their fatigue dress.  Some of the picket men were to be ordered to the location of the fire while others were to gather the engines and buckets before proceeding to the fire.  A bucket line was to be formed to the nearest source of water.[30]

November 13, 1812

            The Lincoln and York Militias present at the Battle of Queenston Heights were to report their killed, wounded, and missing men from that engagement.[31]

            On the Niagara Frontier, militia men were asked to volunteer for employment as tailors in order to make militia clothing.[32]

            At the York Garrison, a mounted dragoon was to be stationed at Mr. Cornell’s each day.[33]
            Who was Mr. Cornell and where was his place?

November 14, 1812

            Orders had earlier been given that any militia man receiving clothing was to pay for that gear.  In consideration of the wear and tear on the men’s clothing in performing their duties prior to the receipt of the new clothing, that new clothing was to be free of charge.  There was to be no charge for one pair of grey trousers, one pair of shoes or two shoepacks, or one jacket.  There was a shortage of material for jackets and waistcoats and officers were permitted to substitute other articles at no cost to the men.  Flannel shirts, stockings, and other items were still to be paid for.  Each man on the frontier was to receive a blanket and some barrack bedding.  Blankets and great coats issued were public property and not to be worn if a man was off duty.[34]

November 15, 1812

            Captain Thomas Hamilton and Sergeant Edward McBride of the 3rd York Militia were to present reports to a Regimental Count of Enquiry regarding complaints about the bread due the men from the Quarter Master.  Captain Samuel Ridout would act as president and be assisted by Ensigns Daniel Brooks and Andrew Mercer.  The Quarter Master would be compelled to attend.[35]
            A Regimental Order about bread rations was issued the following day.

November 16, 1812

            At the York Garrison the bread days were to be Wednesday and Saturday.  On Wednesdays, each militia man was to receive a four-pound loaf of bread.  On Saturdays, the loaf was to be five pounds and two ounces.  The additional weight was in lieu of the rice ration.  The Quarter Master was to deliver a return of the number of loaves required to the baker, Mr. Jordan, each Tuesday and Friday.[36]
            Who was Mr. Jordan?

            A 1st Lincoln Flank Company was to parade on the following day at the funeral of Lieutenant Colonel Jean Baptiste Rousseaux.  Each man was to have three rounds of blank cartridges.  Off duty militia men were requested to attend the funeral.[37]

November 17, 1812

            Officers attending a Court of Enquiry at the York Garrison the following day were to bring their Regimental Account Books, a copy of the Pay Lists, their Provision Return Books, and their Orderly Books.  The Quarter Master was to bring his books as well.[38]

November 18, 1812

            Three officers of the 1st Lincoln, each accompanied by a sergeant or private, were to journey into the country and bring to Fort George any militia men without a pass that they encountered.[39]

November 20, 1812

            In Lower Canada, a company of forty-five Voyagers under the command of Captain McDonell were surprised by the Americans and taken prisoner at St. Regis.  Three were killed, four wounded, and seven escaped.  The Kingston Gazette reported that the Americans stripped the dead of their possessions and took money and clothing from the children.  The prisoners were taken to Plattsburgh.[40]

            On December 1st, the Gazette reported that on the night of the 20th a party of Stormont and Glengarry Militia with the Glengarry Fencibles crossed over to St. Regis and captured a troop of Americans stationed there.  They were the same men who had earlier captured Captain McDonell’s party.  None of the British were injured but at least two Americans had been killed.  The Glengarry Militia escorted the American prisoners to Montreal.[41]

November 22, 1812

            There was an exchange of gun fire between Fort George and Fort Niagara.  Captain Cameron of the militia artillery was commended for service on the 24-pounder on the left.[42]

            The Reverend John Strachan chaired a meeting at York to discuss raising money to buy needed supplies for militiamen on the front.  During the meeting the Loyal and Patriotic Society of Upper Canada was formed to aid militiamen and take on other war related projects.  Relief was to be given to families in distress, pensions were to be given to men disabled while on duty, and medals were to be given to deserving men.
            Among the directors of the society were Chief Justice Thomas Scott, Thomas Ridout, fifty-eight years old, William Powell, fifty-seven, Alexander Wood, forty, and John Strachan, thirty-four.[43]

            By the end of the war the society had helped only forty-seven people and spent under one thousand pounds.  In 1813, seventy percent of the funds were given to people in the Home District, an area that suffered only minor losses.  The Niagara District had about a third of the losses in the province but only received eleven percent of the societies donations.[44]
            This unequal treatment caused resentment between districts in Upper Canada.

            On the Niagara Frontier, General Sheaffe reported that the number of militia men on duty had increased.  As well as offering incentives to deserters, he had ordered officers to perform three roll calls per day and for squads to be sent out to find those absent.  Samuel Street Sr. had been appointed to replace the militia paymaster and to ensure that militia men were paid promptly at the end of each payroll period.
            However, illnesses resulting from poor hygiene and a shortage of basic supplies like tents and blankets limited the number of men fit for duty.  Eleven men died of illness in November and at least twenty-eight in December.[45]

November 24, 1812

            Captain James Durand’s 5th Lincoln and Captain William Applegarth’s 2nd York Flank Companies were to return to Fort George.  Militia officers were to remind their men about the order not to fire across the Niagara River without orders.[46]

            At the York Garrison, Lieutenant Eli Playter was to assume command of Captain Thomas Hamilton’s Company 3rd York Militia until Captain John Beverley Robinson could assume command.
            Captain John Cameron’s and Captain Robinson’s Companies were to move into the block house in order to make room for the Newfoundland Regiment.
            A Return of the names of carpenters, blacksmiths, tailors, shoemakers, and other trades was to be given to the company captains.[47]

November 25, 1812

            Captain John Smith of the 5th Lincoln Militia commanded a company until December 16th.  Forty-three of his fifty-seven men deserted and his ensign was absent without leave.[48]

            Captain John Lottridge of the 5th Lincoln Militia commanded another company until December 16th.  He had seventy-nine of his eighty-seven men desert.  The captain was ill at the time and died during this payroll period.[49]

November 29, 1812
Americans Crossed the Niagara River at Frenchman’s Creek

            Captain William H. Merritt wrote that hostilities would soon recommence on the Niagara Frontier and that the militia were ordered out in the expectation of an immediate American attack.[50]

            Early in the morning, firing was heard at Chippawa and a detachment immediately marched towards the town with the militia artillery and a light six-pounder.  Captain Hamilton’s 2nd Lincoln Militia Company marched with the regular infantry.  On the way to Chippawa they met additional regulars and Major Richard Hatt with his 5th Lincoln Militia detachment.
            At about two o’clock in the morning about 400 Americans, many of them sailors, crossed the Niagara River and landed at the Red House where they captured the British batteries.  Lieutenant Bryson of the militia artillery had managed to spike one of the guns before it was taken by the Americans.  Captain John Bostwick marched his Norfolk militia men from the ferry towards the batteries but was forced to retreat before a superior force.  As the regular British Infantry and militia regiments arrived to reinforce the British position more Americans were observed crossing the river.  The British fired upon the boats and they retreated behind Squaw Island.  The Americans who had landed earlier continued to fire on the British line until about one o’clock when they demanded the surrender of Fort Erie.[51]

            The casualty report for the engagement included a sergeant in the militia artillery wounded, a sergeant killed, Captain John Bostwick wounded slightly, Lieutenant Ryerson wounded severely, and eight rank and file wounded, and two rank and file missing in the 1st Norfolk, and in the 2nd Norfolk, one rank and filed killed, seven rank and file wounded, and four rank and file missing.[52]

November 30, 1812

            Lieutenant Colonel Johnson Butler, of the 4th Lincoln Militia, requested permission from Lieutenant Colonel Myers, at Fort George, to send Ensign Francis Crooks home.  Members of his family were sick and he was needed there to care for them.  Johnson noted that Francis was so hard of hearing that he was of little use.[53]
            Francis received his commission as an ensign on October 12, 1812.[54]
            In the first quarter of 1813, Francis acquired a shop license in the District of Niagara.[55]
            He may have been the first proprietor of a general store in Grimsby.[56]

            Benjamin Smith of Ancaster Township did not make any diary entries for this month until November 28th as he had been away from home serving in the 5th Lincoln Militia.  He had heard the cannons begin firing on Black Rock at two o’clock in the morning and continue firing all day.  Captain John Smith’s militia company spent the night in the woods.  The following day they marched back to Oliver Mall’s and spent the night there.  On the 30th they moved to Peter Wintermooth’s and remained there until December 9th.
            Peter Wintermute was living in Bertie Township.[57]




[1] Dorothy Duncan, Hoping for the Best, Preparing for the Worst, Dundurn, Toronto, 2012, pages 172-173.
[2] Captain Samuel Ridout’s Order Book, page 40, Reference RG8-1, Microfilm C-3519,
            Accessed Feb. 9, 2017 at http://data2.archives.ca/e/e435/e010869208.pdf
[3]  Earnest Alexander Cruikshank, The Documentary History of the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier, Part 4, Lundy’s Lane Historical Society, printed at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1900, page 174, at www.ourroots.ca, accessed Jan. 16, 2014.
[4] Captain Samuel Ridout’s Order Book, pages 41-42, Reference RG8-1, Microfilm C-3519,
            Accessed Feb. 9, 2017 at http://data2.archives.ca/e/e435/e010869208.pdf
[5]  Earnest Alexander Cruikshank, The Documentary History of the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier, Part 4, Lundy’s Lane Historical Society, printed at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1900, page 178, at www.ourroots.ca, accessed Jan. 16, 2014.
[6] Collections Canada, War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1126, pages 1079-1082.
[7] George Sheppard, Plunder, Profit, and Paroles:  A Social History of the War of 1812 in Upper Canada, McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1994, page 62.
[8]  Earnest Alexander Cruikshank, The Documentary History of the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier, Part 4, Lundy’s Lane Historical Society, printed at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1900, page 182, at www.ourroots.ca, accessed Jan. 16, 2014.
[9] Captain Samuel Ridout’s Order Book, pages 46-47, Reference RG8-1, Microfilm C-3519,
            Accessed Feb. 9, 2017 at http://data2.archives.ca/e/e435/e010869208.pdf
[10]  Earnest Alexander Cruikshank, The Documentary History of the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier, Part 4, Lundy’s Lane Historical Society, printed at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1900, pages 183-184, at www.ourroots.ca, accessed Jan. 16, 2014.
[11] Captain Samuel Ridout’s Order Book, pages 48-49, Reference RG8-1, Microfilm C-3519,
            Accessed Feb. 9, 2017 at http://data2.archives.ca/e/e435/e010869208.pdf
[12] Captain Samuel Ridout’s Order Book, page 49, Reference RG8-1, Microfilm C-3519,
            Accessed Feb. 9, 2017 at http://data2.archives.ca/e/e435/e010869208.pdf
[13] Kingston Gazette, accessed May 24, 2016 at http://vitacollections.ca/digital-kingston/96884/page/3
[14] Captain Samuel Ridout’s Order Book, page 50, Reference RG8-1, Microfilm C-3519,
            Accessed Feb. 9, 2017 at http://data2.archives.ca/e/e435/e010869208.pdf
[15] George Sheppard, Plunder, Profit, and Paroles:  A Social History of the War of 1812 in Upper Canada, McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1994, pages 61-62.
[16] HMS Royal George (1809), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Royal_George_(1809), accessed March 4, 2016.
[17] Collections Canada, War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1137, pages 217-232.
[18] Kingston Gazette, accessed May 26, 2016 at http://vitacollections.ca/digital-kingston/96885/page/2
[19]  Earnest Alexander Cruikshank, The Documentary History of the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier, Part 4, Lundy’s Lane Historical Society, printed at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1900, page 201, at www.ourroots.ca, accessed Jan. 16, 2014.
[20] Annals of the Forty, Vol. 1, Grimsby Historical Society, 1950.
[21]  Earnest Alexander Cruikshank, The Documentary History of the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier, Part 4, Lundy’s Lane Historical Society, printed at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1900, page 202, at www.ourroots.ca, accessed Jan. 16, 2014.
[22]  Earnest Alexander Cruikshank, The Documentary History of the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier, Part 4, Lundy’s Lane Historical Society, printed at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1900, page 208, at www.ourroots.ca, accessed Jan. 16, 2014.
[23] Collections Canada, War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1138, pages 516-546.
[24] George Sheppard, Plunder, Profit, and Paroles:  A Social History of the War of 1812 in Upper Canada, McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1994, page 79.
[25] Collections Canada, War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1126, pages 989-997.
[26] Collections Canada, War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1134, pages 847-882.
[27] Kingston Gazette, http://images.maritimehistoryofthegreatlakes.ca/1917/data, accessed Dec. 2, 2015.
[28] Collections Canada, War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1134, pages 847-882.
[29] Susanna McLeod, Murney a Towering Figure of Early Kinsgon, The Whig, March 19, 2013, accessed on Dec. 1, 2015 at http://www.thewhig.com/2013/03/19/murney-a-towering-figure-of-early-kingston
[30] Captain Samuel Ridout’s Order Book, page 53, Reference RG8-1, Microfilm C-3519,
            Accessed Feb. 9, 2017 at http://data2.archives.ca/e/e435/e010869208.pdf
[31]  Earnest Alexander Cruikshank, The Documentary History of the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier, Part 4, Lundy’s Lane Historical Society, printed at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1900, page 207, at www.ourroots.ca, accessed Jan. 16, 2014.
[32]  Earnest Alexander Cruikshank, The Documentary History of the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier, Part 4, Lundy’s Lane Historical Society, printed at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1900, page 210, at www.ourroots.ca, accessed Jan. 16, 2014.
[33] Captain Samuel Ridout’s Order Book, pages 54-55, Reference RG8-1, Microfilm C-3519,
            Accessed Feb. 9, 2017 at http://data2.archives.ca/e/e435/e010869208.pdf
[34]  Earnest Alexander Cruikshank, The Documentary History of the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier, Part 4, Lundy’s Lane Historical Society, printed at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1900, pages 211-212, at www.ourroots.ca, accessed Jan. 16, 2014.
[35] Captain Samuel Ridout’s Order Book, page 57, Reference RG8-1, Microfilm C-3519,
            Accessed Feb. 9, 2017 at http://data2.archives.ca/e/e435/e010869208.pdf
[36] Captain Samuel Ridout’s Order Book, page 58, Reference RG8-1, Microfilm C-3519,
            Accessed Feb. 9, 2017 at http://data2.archives.ca/e/e435/e010869208.pdf
[37]  Earnest Alexander Cruikshank, The Documentary History of the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier, Part 4, Lundy’s Lane Historical Society, printed at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1900, page 215, at www.ourroots.ca, accessed Jan. 16, 2014.
[38] Captain Samuel Ridout’s Order Book, page 59, Reference RG8-1, Microfilm C-3519,
            Accessed Feb. 9, 2017 at http://data2.archives.ca/e/e435/e010869208.pdf
[39]  Earnest Alexander Cruikshank, The Documentary History of the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier, Part 4, Lundy’s Lane Historical Society, printed at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1900, pages 221-222, at www.ourroots.ca, accessed Jan. 16, 2014.
[40] Kingston Gazette, accessed May 26, 2016 at http://vitacollections.ca/digital-kingston/96886/page/2
[41] Kingston Gazette, accessed June 12, 2016 at http://vitacollections.ca/digital-kingston/96887/page/2
[42]  Earnest Alexander Cruikshank, The Documentary History of the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier, Part 4, Lundy’s Lane Historical Society, printed at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1900, pages 227-229, at www.ourroots.ca, accessed Jan. 16, 2014.
[43] George Sheppard, Plunder, Profit, and Paroles:  A Social History of the War of 1812 in Upper Canada, McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1994, page 66.
[44] George Sheppard, Plunder, Profit, and Paroles:  A Social History of the War of 1812 in Upper Canada, McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1994, pages 123 & 130-131.
[45] George Sheppard, Plunder, Profit, and Paroles:  A Social History of the War of 1812 in Upper Canada, McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1994, page 63.
[46]  Earnest Alexander Cruikshank, The Documentary History of the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier, Part 4, Lundy’s Lane Historical Society, printed at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1900, page 231, at www.ourroots.ca, accessed Jan. 16, 2014.
[47] Captain Samuel Ridout’s Order Book, page 60, Reference RG8-1, Microfilm C-3519,
            Accessed Feb. 9, 2017 at http://data2.archives.ca/e/e435/e010869208.pdf
[48] Collections Canada, War of 1812:  Upper Canada Returns, Norminal Rolls and Paylists, RG9, Militia and Defence, Series 1-B-7, Microfilm t-10386, pages 980-981 & t-10387, pages 367 & 415.
[49] Collections Canada, War of 1812:  Upper Canada Returns, Norminal Rolls and Paylists, RG9, Militia and Defence, Series 1-B-7, Microfilm t-10386, pages 1022-1024 & t-10387, pages 370-371 & 418-419.
[50] Capt. Wm. H. Merritt, of the Provincial Light Dragoons, Journal of Events, Principally on the Detroit and Niagara Frontiers, during the War of 1812, The Historical Society, B.N.A., St. Catharines, C.W., 1863, page 19.
[51]  Earnest Alexander Cruikshank, The Documentary History of the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier, Part 4, Lundy’s Lane Historical Society, printed at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1900, pages 253-257, at www.ourroots.ca, accessed Jan. 16, 2014.
[52]  Earnest Alexander Cruikshank, The Documentary History of the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier, Part 4, Lundy’s Lane Historical Society, printed at the Tribune Office, Welland, 1900, page 230, at www.ourroots.ca, accessed Jan. 16, 2014.
[53] Collections Canada, War of 1812, Board of Claims and Losses, Microfilm t-1134, page 793.
[54] Irving L. Homfray, Honorary Librarian, Officers of the British Forces in Canada during the War of 1812-1815, Canadian Military Institute, Welland Tribune Print, 1908
[55] E.A. Cruickshank, Records of Niagara:  A Collection of Contemporary Letters and Documents, Jan. to July, 1813, Niagara Historical Society, Niagara, 1939, at www.ourroots.ca, page 29.
[56] Marian Press, Willaim Crooks, torontofamilyhistory.org/simcoesgentry/26/william-crooks, accessed Jan. 17, 2012.
[57] Benjamin Smith’s Diary, Benjamin Smith Fonds F582, Ontario Archives, Toronto, Ontario.

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